Increase in ant density promotes dual effects on bee behaviour and plant reproductive performance

Barônio, Gudryan Jackson; Del‐Claro, Kleber

doi:10.1007/s11829-017-9573-x

Cited by 14 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The number of ants foraging on the inflorescences of S. javanica varied from day to day, possibly because of variation in the quantity of available resources. A positive correlation between the number of ants attracted to plants and the number of active EFNs has been reported in some studies (Barônio & Del-Claro, 2018;Holland, Chamberlain, & Miller, 2011;Lange, Calixto, & Del-Claro, 2017). In our study, we did not find a negative effect of ants on the visitation frequency of flying pollinators and final fruit set.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Visitation frequency of flying pollinators Observations of visitation frequency of flying pollinators were conducted in POP‐1 only. Because the negative effects of ants on pollinator visitation are most likely to occur when ants are most abundant (Barônio & Del‐Claro, ), and given that ants on inflorescences of S. javanica were most abundant at the middle flowering stage (indicated in the Results section), we conducted observations on 3 days, namely, June 19, 20 and 21, at the middle flowering stage of the population. Each day, there were 15 observation periods between 08:30 and 16:00 hours and each observation period lasted for 15 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The function of extrafloral nectaries in the pollination and reproduction of Sambucus javanica

Xia

Deng

et al. 2019

Plant Species Biology

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Sambucus javanica is a perennial herb with extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) on its inflorescences. To explore the ecological functions of EFNs, a factorial combination experiment of ant (access or exclusion) and EFNs (with or without) at the plant level was created in two populations. The role of EFNs in the attraction of ants and flying pollinators, the defensive role of ants against foliar herbivores, the effects of ants on pollinator visitation and the effects of ant–pollinator interactions on fruit production in one or both populations were assessed. Ants were common on the ant‐access plants with EFNs, but absent from the ant‐access plants without EFNs. Foliar herbivory was independent of ant and EFN treatments and their interactions. The visitation frequency of flying pollinators (honeybees and syrphid flies) and fruit set were significantly higher for plants with EFNs than plants without EFNs, but were not affected by ant treatments or their interactions with EFN treatments. These results suggest that EFNs in S. javanica attracted both ants and flying pollinators, but ants did not present a defensive role against herbivores, did not deter flying pollinators from visiting inflorescences and had no effects on fruit production. In addition, ants were not significant pollen vectors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The function of extrafloral nectaries in the pollination and reproduction of Sambucus javanica

Xia

Deng

et al. 2019

Plant Species Biology

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“…In the study by Baronio and Del Claro, B. campestris oil was obtained by friction in microcapillary tubes, followed by immersion in ethyl acetate, evaporation of the solvent and reaction of the remainder with diazomethane. 31 In the characterisation of the final product by GC-MS, eight esters corresponding to their methylated fatty acids were observed. Methyl hexadecanoate, methyl-3acetoxyoctadecanoate and 3,9diacetoxydocosanoic acid methyl ester were the major constituents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of flowers from Banisteriopsis campestris (A. Juss.) Little

et al. 2018

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The essential oil (EO) of the flowers from Banisteriopsis campestris was analysed by GC and GC-MS. Fatty acids were the most abundant class of compounds in the EO, followed by long-chain alkanes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes. The main constituents were hexadecanoic acid (39.43 %), (E)-nerolidol (10.51 %), triacontane (9.08 %), heptacosane (5.49 %) and linalool (3.23 %). The antimicrobial activity of the EO was evaluated against aerobic and anaerobic oral bacteria and some yeasts by broth microdilution method. The EO inhibited the growth of all tested oral bacteria, showing strong activity against S. sanguinis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 μg mL -1 . Considerable antibacterial activity was also observed for the anaerobes Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinomyces naeslundii with MIC of 50 μg mL -1 . The EO of B. campestris flower showed moderate activity for S. mutans, S. mitis, A. actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum with MICs ranging between 200 and 400 μg mL -1 . The antifungal activity was evaluated against C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. The MIC results were above 3000 μg mL -1 , indicating inactivity against these yeasts. This study revealed that the OE of B. campestris flowers has promising antibacterial activity and this is the first report on its chemical composition and antimicrobial activity Resumo O óleo essencial (EO) das flores de Banisteriopsis campestris foi analisado por CG e GC-EM. Os ácidos graxos foram a classe de compostos mais abundantes no OE, seguidos por alcanos de cadeia longa, sesquiterpenos oxigenados e monoterpenos oxigenados. Os principais constituintes foram ácido palmítico (39,43 %), (E)-nerolidol (10,51 %), triacontano (9,08 %), heptacosano (5,49 %) e linalol (3,23 %). A atividade antimicrobiana do EO foi avaliada contra bactérias bucais aeróbias e anaeróbias e algumas espécies de Candida pelo método de microdiluição em caldo. O EO inibiu o crescimento de todas as bactérias bucais testadas, apresentando forte atividade contra a bactéria aeróbia S. sanguinis com concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) de 25 µg.mL -1 . Considerável atividade antibacteriana foi também observada para as bactérias anaeróbias Porphyromonas gingivalis e Actinomyces naeslundii com CIM de 50 µg.mL -1 . O EO da flor de B. campestris mostrou moderada atividade para S. mutans, S. mitis, A. actinomycetemcomitans e Fusobacterium nucleatum com concentrações inibitórias minimas entre 200 e 400 µg.mL -1 . A atividade antifúngica foi avaliada contra C. albicans, C. tropicalis e C. glabrata. Os resultados de MIC estiveram acima de 3.000 µg.mL -1 , indicando inatividade contra estas leveduras. Este estudo revelou que o OE das flores

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“…The presence of ants on flowers can affect the sexual reproduction of extranuptial nectary‐bearing plants (Pereira & Trigo 2013; Barônio & Del‐Claro 2018). Part of this effect is due to the ability of the pollinators to identify and avoid ants on the flowers, thus reducing the number of flowers that are pollinated (Cembrowski et al 2014; Ibarra‐Isassi & Oliveira 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extranuptial nectaries in flowers: ants increase the reproductive success of the ant‐plant Miconia tococa (Melastomataceae)

et al. 2020

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• Although the production of extranuptial nectar is a common strategy of indirect defence against herbivores among tropical plants, the presence of extranuptial nectaries in reproductive structures is rare, especially in ant-plants. This is because the presence of ants in reproductive organs can generate conflicts between the partners, as ants can inhibit the activity of pollinators or even castrate their host plants. Here we evaluate the hypothesis that the ant-plant Miconia tococa produces nectar in its petals which attracts ants and affects fruit set. • Floral buds were analysed using anatomical and histochemical techniques. The frequency and behaviour of floral visitors were recorded in field observations. Finally, an ant exclusion experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ant presence on fruit production. • The petals of M. tococa have a secretory epidermis that produces sugary compounds. Nectar production occurred during the floral bud stage and attracted 17 species of nonobligate ants (i.e. have a facultative association with ant-plants). Ants foraged only on floral buds, and thus did not affect the activity of pollinators in the neighbouring open flowers. The presence of ants in the inflorescences increased fruit production by 15%. • To our knowledge, the production of extranuptial nectar in the reproductive structures of a myrmecophyte is very rare, with few records in the literature. Although studies show conflicts between the partners in the ant-plant interaction, ants that forage on M. tococa floral buds protect the plant against floral herbivores without affecting bee pollination.

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Increase in ant density promotes dual effects on bee behaviour and plant reproductive performance

Cited by 14 publications

References 73 publications

The function of extrafloral nectaries in the pollination and reproduction of Sambucus javanica

The function of extrafloral nectaries in the pollination and reproduction of Sambucus javanica

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of flowers from Banisteriopsis campestris (A. Juss.) Little

Extranuptial nectaries in flowers: ants increase the reproductive success of the ant‐plant Miconia tococa (Melastomataceae)

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