Incorporation of the electrode–electrolyte interface into finite-element models of metal microelectrodes

Cantrell, Donald R.; Inayat, Samsoon; Taflove, Allen; Ruoff, Rodney S.; Troy, John B.

doi:10.1088/1741-2560/5/1/006

Cited by 92 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…17 A similar approach has previously been adopted in modeling the electrodeskin contact in impedance tomography 13 and, more recently, for capturing microelectrode behavior. 2 Simulated action potentials at the skin surface were examined, as the impedance of the double layer was varied, to evaluate the idealized concept of electrode averaging (Eq. 5, Fig.…”

Section: Finite Element Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of Potential Averaging over the Finite Surface of a Bioelectric Surface Electrode

et al. 2009

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Abstract-Most bioelectric signals are not only functions of time but also exhibit a variation in spatial distribution. Surface EMG signals are often ''summarized'' by a large electrode. The effect of such an electrode is interpreted as averaging the potential at the surface of the skin beneath the electrode. We first introduce an electrical equivalent model to delineate this principle of averaging. Next, in a realistic finite element model of EMG generation, two outcome variables are evaluated to assess the validity of the averaging principle. One is the change in voltage distribution in the volume conductor after electrode application. The other is the change in voltage across the high impedance double layer between tissue and electrode. We found that the principle of averaging is valid, once the impedance of the double layer is sufficiently high. The simulations also revealed that skin conductivity plays a role. High-density surface EMG provided experimental evidence consistent with the simulation results. A grid with 120 small electrodes was placed over the thenar muscles of the hand. Electrical nerve stimulation assured a reproducible compound muscle response. The averaged grid response was compared with a single electrode matching the surface of the high-density electrodes. The experimental results showed relatively small errors indicating that averaging of the surface potential by the electrode is a valid principle under most practical conditions.

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Section: Finite Element Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In related application fields, the electrode has been modeled more precisely and the impedance between the electrode and the skin has been explicitly considered. 2,13,20 Two essential assertions are implicit when assuming averaging of the surface potential at the electrode:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Potential Averaging over the Finite Surface of a Bioelectric Surface Electrode

et al. 2009

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“…Therefore the frequency-dependent bulk tissue properties are not considered. The electrode-tissue interface has been neglected and the electrical double-layer formed at the interface is not included [42]. The activating function itself allows approximate estimates of areas of activation to be made, but does not take into account other factors affecting activation such as axon diameter [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric field distribution in a finite-volume head model of deep brain stimulation

Grant

Lowery

2009

Medical Engineering & Physics

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a b s t r a c tThis study presents a whole-head finite element model of deep brain stimulation to examine the effect of electrical grounding, the finite conducting volume of the head, and scalp, skull and cerebrospinal fluid layers. The impedance between the stimulating and reference electrodes in the whole-head model was found to lie within clinically reported values when the reference electrode was incorporated on a localized surface in the model. Incorporation of the finite volume of the head and inclusion of surrounding outer tissue layers reduced the magnitude of the electric field and activating function by approximately 20% in the region surrounding the electrode. Localized distortions of the electric field were also observed when the electrode was placed close to the skull. Under bipolar conditions the effect of the finite conducting volume was shown to be negligible. The results indicate that, for monopolar stimulation, incorporation of the finite volume and outer tissue layers can alter the magnitude of the electric field and activating function when the electrode is deep within the brain, and may further affect the shape if the electrode is close to the skull.

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“…Some conductivities are from Briaire and Frijns (2000), who refer to Finley et al (1990) and Suesserman (1992). Sue et al (2013) cite Cantrell et al (2008) as giving perilymph properties of conductance r ¼ 1420 mS/m and relative permittivity e r ¼ 78. It has been assumed that inter-species variation in these properties is insignificant.…”

Section: Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element modelling of cochlear electrical coupling

Teal

2016

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The operation of each hair cell within the cochlea generates a change in electrical potential at the frequency of the vibrating basilar membrane beneath the hair cell. This electrical potential influences the operation of the cochlea at nearby locations and can also be detected as the cochlear microphonic signal. The effect of such potentials has been proposed as a mechanism for the non-local operation of the cochlear amplifier, and the interaction of such potentials has been thought to be the cause of the broadness of cochlea microphonic tuning curves. The spatial extent of influence of these potentials is an important parameter for determining the significance of their effects. Calculations of this extent have typically been based on calculating the longitudinal resistance of each of the scalae from the scala cross sectional area, and the conductivity of the lymph. In this paper, the range of influence of the electrical potential is examined using an electrical finite element model. It is found that the range of influence of the hair cell potential is much shorter than the conventional calculation, but is consistent with recent measurements.

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Incorporation of the electrode–electrolyte interface into finite-element models of metal microelectrodes

Cited by 92 publications

References 54 publications

Evidence of Potential Averaging over the Finite Surface of a Bioelectric Surface Electrode

Evidence of Potential Averaging over the Finite Surface of a Bioelectric Surface Electrode

Electric field distribution in a finite-volume head model of deep brain stimulation

Finite element modelling of cochlear electrical coupling

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