Incorporation of sodium fluoride into cortical bone does not impair the mechanical properties of the appendicular skeleton in rats

Einhorn, Thomas A.; Wakley, Glenn K.; Linkhart, Susan G.; Rush, Elisa B.; Maloney, Shane K.; Faierman, E.; Baylink, David J.

doi:10.1007/bf00298500

Cited by 43 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These indicate a beneficial effect of xylitol on the mechanical properties of both the cortical and trabecular part of the bone, and negate the possibility that dietary xylitol, in spite of the increased bone mineral content, could cause such qualitative changes in bone that might compromise the mechanical properties of bone. In this respect the present results with xylitol differ from the results of recent rat model studies with fluoride [12,30] where the increased bone mass and geometric properties did not unambiquously lead to increased bone strength.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Improved Bone Biomechanical Properties in Rats after Oral Xylitol Administration

Mattila

Knuuttila

Kovanen

et al. 1999

Calcified Tissue International

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The effects of 5, 10, and 20% dietary xylitol supplementations on the biomechanical properties, histological architecture, and the contents of collagen, pyridinoline, and deoxypyridinoline in long bones of rats were studied. Tibiae were used for the three-point bending test, and femurs were used for the torsion and loading test of the femoral neck. The 10 and 20% oral xylitol administrations caused a significant increase of tibial stress, femoral shear stress, and stress of the femoral neck as compared with the controls. Parallel, but not significant, effects were also seen in the 5% xylitol supplementation group. No significant differences in strain or Young's modulus of the tibiae were detected between the groups. An increased shear modulus of elasticity in femurs was detected in the 20% supplementation group as compared with the controls. The histomorphometrical data for the secondary spongiosa of the proximal tibia revealed that trabecular bone volume was significantly greater in all dietary xylitol supplementation groups as compared with the controls. The bone volume increased along with increasing xylitol content. No significant differences between the groups were detected concerning the amount of collagen per dry weight of organic matrix, the concentrations of pyridinoline or deoxypyridinoline in collagen, or the ratio of these crosslinks. This suggests no xylitol-dependent selective changes in these structures of bone collagen. In conclusion, dietary xylitol supplementation in rats improves the biomechanical properties of bone and increases the trabecular bone volume dose dependently.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Improved Bone Biomechanical Properties in Rats after Oral Xylitol Administration

Mattila

Knuuttila

Kovanen

et al. 1999

Calcified Tissue International

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“…Anabolic effects of fluoride in the rat skeleton have not been demonstrated consistently [13,16]. Furthermore, rat long bones do not undergo osteonal remodeling which is the major Correspondence to: C. H. Turner Calcif Tissue Int (1997) 61:77-83 …”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fluoride Treatment Increased Serum IGF-1, Bone Turnover, and Bone Mass, but Not Bone Strength, in Rabbits

et al. 1997

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We hypothesized that fluoride partly acts by changing the levels of circulating calcium-regulating hormones and skeletal growth factors. The effects of oral fluoride on 24 female, Dutch-Belted, young adult rabbits were studied. The rabbits were divided into two study groups, one control and the other receiving about 16 mg fluoride/rabbit/day in their drinking water. After 6 months of fluoride dosing, all rabbits were euthanized and bone and blood samples were taken for analyses. Fluoride treatment increased serum and bone fluoride levels by over an order of magnitude (P < 0.001), but did not affect body weight or the following serum biochemical variables: urea, creatinine, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, SGOT, or total alkaline phosphatase. No skeletal fluorosis or osteomalacia was observed histologically, nor did fluoride affect serum PTH or Vitamin D metabolites (P > 0.4). BAP was increased 37% (P < 0.05) by fluoride; serum TRAP was increased 42% (P < 0.05); serum IGF-1 was increased 40% (P < 0.05). Fluoride increased the vertebral BV/TV by 35% (P < 0.05) and tibial ash weight by 10% (P < 0.05). However, the increases in bone mass and bone formation were not reflected in improved bone strength. Fluoride decreased bone strength by about 19% in the L5 vertebra (P < 0.01) and 25% in the femoral neck (P < 0. 05). X-ray diffraction showed altered mineral crystal thickness in fluoride-treated bones (P < 0.001), and there was a negative association between crystal width and fracture stress of the femur (P < 0.02). In conclusion, fluoride's effects on bone mass and bone turnover were not mediated by PTH. IGF-1 was increased by fluoride and was associated with increased bone turnover, but was not correlated with bone formation markers. High-dose fluoride treatment did not improve, but decreased, bone strength in rabbits, even in the absence of impaired mineralization.

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“…When the fluoride content in the bone mineral of rats reached 10,000 parts per million (ppm), bone strength was decreased by about 13% with normal calcium intake (Turner et al, 1992) or by as much as 45% when fluoride intake was associated with calcium deficiency (Beary, 1969;Riggins et al, 1974). Other studies showed no effect of fluoride on bone strength, even at high doses (Naylor and Wilson, 1967;Einhorn et al, 1992). To date, animal studies of fluoride effects on bone have used young and healthy experimental animals exclusively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Fluoride Reduces Bone Strength in Older Rats

et al. 1995

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In response to recent concerns about the effect of water fluoridation on hip fracture rates, we studied the influence of fluoride intake on bone strength. Four groups of rats were fed a low-fluoride diet ad libitum and received 0, 5, 15, or 50 ppm of fluoride in their drinking water. Animals were euthanized after 3, 6, 12, or 18 months of treatment. Mechanical strength of the right femur was measured by three-point bending. Fluoride content for the left femur was measured, and static histomorphometric measurements were made on a lumbar vertebra. Femoral failure load was not significantly decreased in rats treated for 3 and 6 months, but was decreased as much as 23% in rats treated 12 and 18 months at 50 ppm fluoride. Extrapolation from regression equations predicted that older rats lose 36% of femoral bone strength when bone fluoride content is increased from 0 to 10,000 ppm, while younger rats will lose only 15%. Thus, the decreased strength appeared to be due to the combined effects of fluoride intake and age on bone tissue and was not associated with a decrease in bone density or mineralization defects. There were only small effects of fluoride on bone histomorphometry. Fluoride intake at high levels had no negative effects on bone mineralization. Fluoride intake was associated with slight increases in trabecular bone volume and trabecular thickness, but these effects could not be demonstrated consistently. The mechanism by which large amounts of fluoride affect bone strength more severely in older animals is unknown.

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Incorporation of sodium fluoride into cortical bone does not impair the mechanical properties of the appendicular skeleton in rats

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Improved Bone Biomechanical Properties in Rats after Oral Xylitol Administration

Improved Bone Biomechanical Properties in Rats after Oral Xylitol Administration

Fluoride Treatment Increased Serum IGF-1, Bone Turnover, and Bone Mass, but Not Bone Strength, in Rabbits

Fluoride Reduces Bone Strength in Older Rats

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