Incorporation of sciadonic acid into cellular phospholipids reduces pro-inflammatory mediators in murine macrophages through NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways

Chen, Szu-Jung; Huang, Wen-Cheng; Yang, Tzu‐Ting; Lu, Jui-Hua; Chuang, Lu-Te

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.057

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The different metabolic products derived from supplemented NMIFA might account for this observation. Our results agree with those of previous studies which demonstrated that not only could SCA be metabolized to its elongation product, Δ7-DTrA [11], but also metabolized to form LA through a series of reactions, including two steps of β-oxidation and one step of chain elongation [19]. In contrast, incorporation of PNA or Δ7-ETrA into phospholipids would substitute for most of the n −6 PUFA, thereby decreasing the proportion of n−6 PUFA in most phospholipids.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 96%

“…Furthermore, the amount of NMIFA in the DAG, FFA, and TAG fractions in Δ7-ETrA-treated cells were significantly higher compared to cells treated with PNA or SCA ( Table 2). This is probably because BV-2 cells rapidly take up and incorporate a large portion of NMIFA into phospholipids (approximate 17.0 μg) in an NMIFA-rich environment (Table 2) [11,14]. Once no more NMIFA can be incorporated into phospholipids, excess cellular free NMIFA would be re-esterified to form DAG or TAG ( Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In cell culture studies, SCA replaced AA in phospholipids [8,9] and inhibited prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) synthesis and type-2 cyclooxygenase (COX-2) expression in human keratinocytes and murine macrophages [5,10,11]. Our recent studies also demonstrated that PNA and Δ7-ETrA substituted for AA in phospholipids and reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 macrophages and human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The running conditions are described elsewhere [5]. Individual fatty acids were identified by comparing their retention times to those of GC standard mixtures (RL-461) and NMIFA standards [11,14]. To quantify fatty acids, a known amount of internal standard (triheptadecanoin) was added to all samples.…”

Section: Lipid Extraction and Fatty Acid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PNA and PGE 2 enzyme immunoassay assay (EIA) kit were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). SCA extracted from seeds of Podocarpus nagi and Δ7-ETrA synthesized from PNA was purified using argentated liquid chromatography [11,14]. ELISA kits for detecting mouse IL-6 and TNF-α were supplied by eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA).…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phospholipid Incorporation of Non-Methylene-Interrupted Fatty Acids (NMIFA) in Murine Microglial BV-2 Cells Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Production

et al. 2015

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Sciadonic acid (SCA), pinolenic acid (PNA), and Δ7-eicosatrienoic acid (Δ7-ETrA) are three non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids (NMIFA). Using murine microglial BV-2 cells, this study determined how NMIFA incorporation modulated phospholipid fatty acid composition and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Each NMIFA was rapidly taken up and incorporated in BV-2 cells, resulting in the differential redistribution of total lipids. The cellular phospholipid fatty acid compositions were altered, and a significant decrease in the proportions of total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was observed while the proportions of NMIFA and its metabolites accounted for 38% of the fatty acid total. Incubation of microglial cells with NMIFA suppressed production of LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as the over-expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and type 2 cyclooxygenase (COX-2). These inhibitory effects could be accounted for, in part, by the inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling. In conclusion, Δ7-ETrA, PNA, and SCA are anti-inflammatory NMIFA that may be useful in suppressing in vitro immune responses involved in neural inflammation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Lipid Extraction and Fatty Acid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Phospholipid Incorporation of Non-Methylene-Interrupted Fatty Acids (NMIFA) in Murine Microglial BV-2 Cells Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Production

et al. 2015

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The Hypotriglyceridemic Effect of Sciadonic Acid is Mediated by the Inhibition of Δ9‐Desaturase Expression and Activity

Pédrono

Boulier-Monthéan

Boissel

et al. 2018

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Seeds as oil factories

Baud

2018

Plant Reprod

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Studying seed oil metabolism. The seeds of higher plants represent valuable factories capable of converting photosynthetically derived sugars into a variety of storage compounds, including oils. Oils are the most energy-dense plant reserves and fatty acids composing these oils represent an excellent nutritional source. They supply humans with much of the calories and essential fatty acids required in their diet. These oils are then increasingly being utilized as renewable alternatives to petroleum for the chemical industry and for biofuels. Plant oils therefore represent a highly valuable agricultural commodity, the demand for which is increasing rapidly. Knowledge regarding seed oil production is extensively exploited in the frame of breeding programs and approaches of metabolic engineering for oilseed crop improvement. Complementary aspects of this research include (1) the study of carbon metabolism responsible for the conversion of photosynthetically derived sugars into precursors for fatty acid biosynthesis, (2) the identification and characterization of the enzymatic actors allowing the production of the wide set of fatty acid structures found in seed oils, and (3) the investigation of the complex biosynthetic pathways leading to the production of storage lipids (waxes, triacylglycerols). In this review, we outline the most recent developments in our understanding of the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms of seed oil production, focusing on fatty acids and oils that can have a significant impact on the emerging bioeconomy.

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Incorporation of sciadonic acid into cellular phospholipids reduces pro-inflammatory mediators in murine macrophages through NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways

Cited by 34 publications

References 46 publications

Phospholipid Incorporation of Non-Methylene-Interrupted Fatty Acids (NMIFA) in Murine Microglial BV-2 Cells Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Production

Phospholipid Incorporation of Non-Methylene-Interrupted Fatty Acids (NMIFA) in Murine Microglial BV-2 Cells Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Production

The Hypotriglyceridemic Effect of Sciadonic Acid is Mediated by the Inhibition of Δ9‐Desaturase Expression and Activity

Seeds as oil factories

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