Incorporation of Resveratrol in Polymeric Nanogel for Improvement of Its Protective Effects on Cellular and Microsomal Oxidative Stress Models

Abstract

Nanogels are attractive drug delivery systems that provide high loading capacity for drug molecules, improve their stability, and increase cellular uptake. Natural antioxidants, especially polyphenols such as resveratrol, are distinguished by low aqueous solubility, which hinders therapeutic activity. Thus, in the present study, resveratrol was incorporated into nanogel particles, aiming to improve its protective effects in vitro. The nanogel was prepared from natural substances via esterification of citric acid and pentane-1,2,5-triol. High encapsulation efficiency (94.5%) was achieved by applying the solvent evaporation method. Dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the resveratrol-loaded nanogel particles were spherical in shape with nanoscopic dimensions (220 nm). In vitro release tests showed that a complete release of resveratrol was achieved for 24 h, whereas at the same time the non-encapsulated drug was poorly dissolved. The protective effect of the encapsulated resveratrol against oxidative stress in fibroblast and neuroblastoma cells was significantly stronger compared to the non-encapsulated drug. Similarly, the protection in a model of iron/ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation on rat liver and brain microsomes was higher with the encapsulated resveratrol. In conclusion, embedding resveratrol in this newly developed nanogel improved its biopharmaceutical properties and protective effects in oxidative stress models.

Copolymeric Micelles of Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Poly(methacrylic acid) as Carriers for the Oral Delivery of Resveratrol

“…As a conclusion, the loading of resveratrol into the micelles improved its protective effect in the developed method. The results are in agreement with other studies that have reported an improvement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of resveratrol upon its formulation in nanoparticles [47][48][49][50].…”

Incorporation of Resveratrol-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Complexes into Hydrogel Formulation for Wound Treatment

“…This was probably due to the increased aqueous solubility of the drug. Various studies have similarly observed an enhancement of resveratrol's effects after increasing its hydrophilicity [60][61][62].…”

“…The results revealed that the standard solution did not affect the migration of the fibroblasts (Figure 3) ison, resveratrol formulated into the complexes demonstrated a trend to enha gration of the cells. This was probably due to the increased aqueous solubility Various studies have similarly observed an enhancement of resveratrol's effe creasing its hydrophilicity [60][61][62].…”