Incorporation of environmental impact criteria in the design and operation of chemical processes

Bauer, Peter; Filho, Rubens Maciel

doi:10.1590/s0104-66322004000300005

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Paralleling work done on material efficiency green metrics specific to stand-alone individual reactions and synthesis plans, considerable research has been done on life cycle assessment (LCA) − (sometimes called life cycle analysis in the literature , ) to assess the environmental impact of chemical processes from a holistic point of view. This subject has been extensively reviewed − and historical accounts of its origin have been published. , Here we briefly describe its approaches and how the present analysis differs from it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of Environmental Impact Parameters in Radial Pentagon Material Efficiency Metrics Analysis: Using Benign Indices as a Step Towards a Complete Assessment of “Greenness” for Chemical Reactions and Synthesis Plans

Andraos¹

2012

Org. Process Res. Dev.

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A new benign index (BI) parameter is developed and applied to assess the overall "greenness" of chemical reactions and synthesis plans. Previously described radial pentagon green metrics based solely on material efficiency are extended to include BI which takes into account the following potentials for environmental harm: acidification−basification (ABP), ozone depletion (ODP), global warming (GWP), smog formation (SFP), inhalation toxicity (INHTP), ingestion toxicity (INGTP), inhalation carcinogenicity (INHCP), ingestion carcinogenicity (INGCP), bioconcentration (BCP), abiotic resource depletion (ARDP), cancer potency (CPP), persistence (PER), and endocrine disruption (EDP). As with other material efficiency metrics, the benign index is defined as a fraction between 0 and 1 so that it may be added as another radial axis to produce an overall radial hexagon diagram that can be used to evaluate the "green" merits of any given chemical reaction. The utility of the method is demonstrated for industrial chemical reactions producing diphenyl carbonate (DPC) and phenyl isocyanate (PI) using both phosgene-based and nonphosgene-based chemistries, and for synthesis plans for the industrial production of aniline, phenol, and aspirin. A critical discussion is presented on the limitations of the method with respect to proper decision making in route selection, particularly the availability and reliability of key parameters, and the importance of obtaining experimental data for key parameters rather than relying solely on computational methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of Environmental Impact Parameters in Radial Pentagon Material Efficiency Metrics Analysis: Using Benign Indices as a Step Towards a Complete Assessment of “Greenness” for Chemical Reactions and Synthesis Plans

Andraos¹

2012

Org. Process Res. Dev.

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“…Reviews of dynamic simulation applications for optimizing energy and chemical systems are shown in [3,4], while applications of discrete event simulation to the optimization of industrial systems can be found in [4][5][6]. Usage of simulation in specific situations are presented in [7] for sustainable plant design, in [8] for gasifier pressure modeling, and in [9] for analyzing a petrochemical process wastewater plant. Additional applications include treating a desalination plant [10], optimizing the drying of phosphates [11], analyzing the benzene-toluene-xylene separation train from a sustainable point of view [12].…”

Section: A Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stochastic Simulator of a Multi-Component Distillation Tower Built as an Excel Macro

Hernández¹,

Rosas²,

Torres³

2023

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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Dynamic process simulation is widely used in teaching controller design, as it allows foreseeing the performance of different control configurations and controller tunings. Currently, most college-level controller design exercises that are based on simulation consider deterministic perturbations (i.e. steps or ramps). In real life however, processes are more likely to face fluctuating, random disturbances, so the use of stochastic simulation in controller tuning exercises would provide students with an experience closer to their future professional practice than that provided by deterministic simulation. However, public institutions attempting to use dynamic, stochastic simulators in teaching, are hindered by the need of buying licenses of simulation packages or specialized programming languages (such as Matlab), as there aren´t any dynamic, stochastic simulators available as downloadable freeware. This paper shows a dynamic, stochastic simulator with a friendly interface of a distillation tower, developed as an Excel macro. This simulator has the advantage that it can be used at no cost to educational institutions since Excel is almost universally known and used by college faculties.

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“…Minimal studies on exploiting LCA to analyse the environmental impact of propylene oxide and its derivatives are presented in the literature. In one of the few studies, Bauer and Maciel (2004) studied the propylene glycol's production transient state operation from propylene oxide by using LCA analysis, which can be interpreted as gate-to-gate analysis for propylene oxide. They considered both environmental impacts and traditional economic evaluation during the process design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exergy-aided environmental life cycle assessment of propylene oxide production

Ghannadzadeh

Tarighaleslami

2021

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Purpose Propylene oxide (PO) is one of the useful chemicals that is predicted to experience a compound annual growth rate of 3.9% from 2020 through 2027. The environmental burdens of the current PO production process and its corresponding utility system including power generation system need to be determined quantitatively as a response to increasing demands for its environmentally sustainable production process in the energy transition period from fossil fuels towards renewable energy resources. Methods A new methodology is proposed to study the PO production process called exergy-aided environmental life cycle assessment (EELCA), using the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s database known as life cycle inventory (LCI) database. EELCA is dedicated to LCA studies of processes in the energy transition period and is aided by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) as a tool for discernibility analysis which brings another dimension to the EELCA because MCS was often used to assess uncertainty in LCA studies. EELCA impact categories are classified into two classes: (i) emission-dependent impact categories addressed by ReCiPe and (ii) resource-dependent impact categories covered by cumulative exergy demand (CExD). The alternative energy like bioenergy is evaluated through the stepwise scenarios assisted by MCS, which are employed in openLCA with 10,000 iterations. Results and discussion The cumulative exergy depletion of the base scenario is 6.1898 MJ (CExD). The human health and ecosystem impacts are 3.65E-06 DALY and 1.58E-08 species.yr, respectively. Human health-total (2.7E-4 DALY) is the most important category, where the power generation system by residual fuel oil (33.19%) is on top of the list. By analysing statistically discernible scenarios using EELCA, it has been proven that natural gas is not a proper choice for energy mix in the energy transition period. This is because natural gas-based scenarios present more burden compared to residual fuel oil-based scenarios especially regarding human toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, marine ecotoxicity, terrestrial acidification, and particulate matter formation. This study shows that the reduction in environmental impacts without changes in the production process technology is feasible through implementing bioenergy scenarios. Conclusions Having applied successfully EELCA, this study shows that PO production in the present configuration is not sustainable at all. The statistically discernible scenarios regarding energy mix selection help to enhance sustainability of the PO production process. Moreover, by examining the application of CExD along with LCA analysis, it is proved that by using the concept of CExD, we were able to represent the environmental impacts of the entire system with one figure, which tremendously facilitates the calculations in MCS.

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Incorporation of environmental impact criteria in the design and operation of chemical processes

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Inclusion of Environmental Impact Parameters in Radial Pentagon Material Efficiency Metrics Analysis: Using Benign Indices as a Step Towards a Complete Assessment of “Greenness” for Chemical Reactions and Synthesis Plans

Inclusion of Environmental Impact Parameters in Radial Pentagon Material Efficiency Metrics Analysis: Using Benign Indices as a Step Towards a Complete Assessment of “Greenness” for Chemical Reactions and Synthesis Plans

A Stochastic Simulator of a Multi-Component Distillation Tower Built as an Excel Macro

Exergy-aided environmental life cycle assessment of propylene oxide production

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