Incorporation of Environmental Effects in Pavement Design

Zapata, Claudia E.; Andrei, Dragos; Witczak, M W; Houston, William N.

doi:10.1080/14680629.2007.9690094

Cited by 92 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, the slope will fail in the presence of three days of consistent rainfall after seven wet-dry cycles. This study shows the growing need of incorporating the effect of seasonal changes in civil engineering design, as also emphasized by [48] on how Enhanced Integrated Climatic Model (EICM) incorporates the changes in temperature and moisture of unbound materials into the design process. The factor of safety for the 3H:1V slope with consideration of the mentioned four cases is presented in Figure 12.…”

Section: Stability Analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Coupled Effect of Wet-Dry Cycles and Rainfall on Highway Slope Made of Yazoo Clay

2019

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Expansive Yazoo clay soil is susceptible to volumetric deformation and is dominant in central Mississippi and other neighboring southern states of the United States. Recurring shrink-swell behavior causes a significant problem to infrastructures in the area. Although Yazoo clay causes a significant problem in the deep southern states, limited study has been conducted on the behavior of Yazoo clay, especially in the presence of rainfall. The objective of this current study is to investigate the coupled effect of changes in void ratio due to wet-dry cycles and rainfall on the stability of highway slopes made of Yazoo clay. The finite element method in Plaxis 2D by Bentley System (https://www.plaxis.com/) has been utilized to investigate the coupled effect of changes in mechanical properties and rainfall using flow-deformation and stability analysis. Reconstituted expansive clay soil samples were used for the laboratory experiment. The reconstituted Yazoo clay samples were subjected to 3, 5, and 7 wetting and drying cycles in an enclosed chamber for a 24-h period. The axial deformation of the samples and the change in void ratios at each number of the cycle was closely monitored. The strength change at each wet and dry cycle was also investigated and used for slope stability analysis in the presence of rainfall. The test results indicate that the void ratio increases with the increasing number of wet-dry cycles. A continuous increment in void ratios from 0.99 in an undisturbed state with no wet-dry cycle to 1.49 at the 7th wet-dry cycle, indicating a 48.9% increase, as the wetting and drying cycle increases was recorded; in turn, decreasing the cohesion of the soil by 77%. The factor of safety considering the effect of two total rainfall periods of Rv = 126.2 mm (2 h) and Rv = 271.7 mm (3 days) reduced from 1.7 to 1.2 and 1.68 to 1.02, considering the effect of the 7th wet-dry cycle at the topsoil. The changes in the void ratio due to the wetting and drying cycle of Yazoo clay soil reduces the shear strength to a fully softened condition, increasing the possibility of slope failure. This condition further worsens in the presence of a perched water condition due to the infiltration of rain water.

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Section: Stability Analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Coupled Effect of Wet-Dry Cycles and Rainfall on Highway Slope Made of Yazoo Clay

2019

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“…In addition, desiccation will shift the behaviour of lime-treated soil further within the framework of unsaturated soil mechanics. Therefore, it is imperative to account for the combined effects of cementation and environmental factors in the design of lime-treated expansive pavement subgrade (Zapata, 2009;Zapata, Andrei, Witczak, & Houston, 2007). The experimental database lacks information regarding the mechanical behaviour of lime-treated soils cured under different environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of curing conditions on the unconfined compression strength of lime-treated expansive soils

Elkady

2015

Road Materials and Pavement Design

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Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is one of the main design parameters for flexible pavement and earthwork construction. During the design phase of lime-treated expansive subgrade, compacted specimens of different lime-soil mixtures are prepared and tested for UCS after being cured under controlled temperature and a high-humidity environment. During the field application of lime treatment, the curing conditions are far from been controlled especially in arid and semi-arid climates. This study aims at investigating the effect of different curing environments on the UCS of lime-treated expansive clays. Specifically, the study aims to assess the contribution of suction and cementation to the gain in UCS. Tests were conducted on expansive clays originated from two areas in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Remoulded specimens of lime-treated expansive clays with lime contents of 2%, 4%, and 6% (of dry weight basis) were cured under different curing environments; namely, normal curing (NC) (i.e. controlled temperature and high humidity environment), in-laboratory curing (ILC), and out-laboratory curing (OC) conditions. Curing periods considered were 7, 14, and 28 days. The main characteristics of ILC and OC environments evaluated based on continuous logging of climatic data (i.e. temperature and relative humidity) indicated low relative humidity which is a main characteristic of semi-arid and arid climates. For all curing environments, there is an observed increase in UCS with curing period, with maximum UCS values observed for OCcured specimens. Furthermore, the soil water characteristic curves of lime-treated specimens under different curing periods and lime content were evaluated to assess suction in specimens at the end of selected curing periods. Test results indicated that the gain in UCS for specimens cured under NC conditions is mainly attributed to an increase in cementation bonds. On the other hand, both ILC and OC environments promote the development of suction stresses that is a significant contributor to the gain in UCS as compared to cementation bonds.

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“…The MEPDG is a pavement performance prediction tool considering factors including traffic, pavement structure, material, and environmental factors. The environmental factors have been considered using the Enhanced Integrated Climatic Model (EICM) [44]. The EICM can "translate" weather to pavement environmental conditions (e.g., temperature and moisture profiles), which are then used to calculate material responses and predict long-term performance.…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Pavement Performance To Climate Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Pavements and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Review and Implications

et al. 2020

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Flexible pavements and climate are interactive. Pavements are climate sensitive infrastructure, where climate can impact their deterioration rate, subsequent maintenance, and life-cycle costs. Meanwhile, climate mitigation measures are urgently needed to reduce the environmental impacts of pavements and related transportation on the macroclimate and microclimate. Current pavement design and life cycle management practices may need to be modified to adapt to changing climates and to reduce environmental impacts. This paper reports an extensive literature search on qualitative and quantitative pavement research related to climate change in recent years. The topics cover climate stressors, sensitivity of pavement performance to climatic factors, impacts of climate change on pavement systems, and, most importantly, discussions of climate change adaptation, mitigation, and their interactions. This paper is useful for those who aim to understand or research the climate resilience of flexible pavements.

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Incorporation of Environmental Effects in Pavement Design

Cited by 92 publications

References 6 publications

Coupled Effect of Wet-Dry Cycles and Rainfall on Highway Slope Made of Yazoo Clay

Coupled Effect of Wet-Dry Cycles and Rainfall on Highway Slope Made of Yazoo Clay

The effect of curing conditions on the unconfined compression strength of lime-treated expansive soils

Flexible Pavements and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Review and Implications

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