Incorporation of Conductor Loss in the Unconditionally Stable ADI-FDTD Method

Abstract

A surface-impedance boundary condition (SIBC) is presented for an unconditionally stable alternating-direction implicit (ADI) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The conformal SIBC formulation based on locally conformal grids is capable of modeling the conductor loss of arbitrarily-shaped lossy metal structures. The work is described in the framework of the finite-integration technique (FIT) formulation of the ADI-FDTD. The paper focuses on the proposed ADI-FDTD SIBC formulation and its extensive validation. For this purpose, cylindrical and spherical cavity resonators are used for numerical tests. The quality factor is directly proportional to wall loss and is particularly sensitive to the accuracy of loss calculation. The resonator structure consists only of a vacuum-filled metal cavity and is thus free of additional sources of error that are caused by other extensions to the basic ADI-FDTD algorithm. The formulation is validated by comparison with analytic results and numerical data calculated using CST Microwave Studio (MWS). The convergence rate of the results is of second order, i.e., the error reduces to one quarter as the mesh resolution is doubled.

Wideband Modeling of Conductor Loss in General Large-Scale Problems

“…Arbitrary dielectric or perfect electrical conductor (PEC) structures are accurately and efficiently modeled using locally conformal grids [7], [8]. To consider conductor loss in general three-dimensional (3-D) problems, however, fields located on grid edges must be projected on the lossy conductor surface [9], [10]. Unfortunately, the work in [9] is based on analytic projection angles not available for arbitrary structures.…”