Incorporation of cationic indium species into zeolite beta by template-induced reductive solid-state ion exchange

Neinska, Ya.; Mihályi, R.M.; Mavrodinova, V.; Minchev, Christo; Beyer, Hermann K.

doi:10.1039/a907806a

Cited by 18 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thus, we can definitely claim that indium(I) and indium(III) exist mainly in the form of isolated In + and InO + cations that are attached to the zeolite framework fragments (ZO – ) in In + /H-ZSM-5 and InO + /H-ZSM-5 zeolite samples. Our conclusions about the indium state in In-modified zeolites are in line with IR data reported earlier. − , …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Methane Activation on In-Modified ZSM-5: The State of Indium in the Zeolite and Pathways of Methane Transformation to Surface Species

et al. 2014

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Methane activation pathways as well as methane involvement in the reaction of ethylene aromatization on In-modified H-ZSM-5 zeolite (In/H-ZSM-5) have been studied with solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The state of indium in In/H-ZSM-5 in dependence of the zeolite activation procedure, reductive or oxidative, has been analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). On the basis of 1 H MAS NMR analysis of the evolution of the quantity of Brønsted acid sites (BAS) and XPS analysis of the state of indium in dependence of zeolite activation procedure, it has been inferred that indium exists in the form of either In + or InO + isolated cationic species in the zeolite. Methane interaction with different indium cationic species has been analyzed with 13 C MAS NMR spectroscopy. In + species has been concluded to be inactive, whereas InO + species provides dissociative adsorption of methane to afford primarily the oxyindium−methyl species. The secondary products of oxyindium−methyl species transformation are oxyindium−methoxy, ethane, formate, and acetaldehyde species. Methane can be involved in the reaction of ethylene aromatization on In-modified zeolite H-ZSM-5. This involvement is provided by the reaction of the surface oxyindium−methoxy species with simple aromatic molecules formed from ethylene. Preliminarily, oxyindium−methoxy species are generated by the interaction of oxyindium−methyl species with InO + cations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Methane Activation on In-Modified ZSM-5: The State of Indium in the Zeolite and Pathways of Methane Transformation to Surface Species

et al. 2014

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“…Complete exchange of In + into zeolite beta was achieved by reducing the oxide together during the thermal decomposition of the SDA in an inert atmosphere. 87 However, this process may eliminate Brønsted acid sites, resulting in lower activity toward acid-catalysed reactions. Additionally, lanthanide-exchanged zeolites can be used as luminescent materials; a brief review on this topic has been presented by Rocha and Carlos.…”

Section: Micropore Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailored crystalline microporous materials by post-synthesis modification

et al. 2013

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Crystalline microporous solids are an important class of inorganic materials with uses in different areas impacting our everyday lives, namely as catalysts, adsorbents, and ion exchangers. Advancements in synthesis have been invaluable in expanding the classical aluminosilicate zeolites to new unique framework types and compositions, motivating innovative developments. However, the inexhaustible post-synthetic options to tailor zeolite properties have been and will continue to be indispensable to realize emerging and to improve conventional applications. Starting from the routine drying and template removal processes that every zeolite must experience prior to use, a wide spectrum of treatments exists to alter individual or collective characteristics of these materials for optimal performance. This review documents the toolbox of post-synthetic strategies available to tune the properties of zeolitic materials for specific functions. The categorisation is based on the scale at which the alteration is aimed at, including the atomic structure (e.g. the introduction, dislodgment, or replacement of framework atoms), the micropore level (e.g. template removal and functionalisation by inorganic and organic species), and the crystal and particle levels (e.g. the introduction of auxiliary porosity). Through examples in the recent literature, it is shown that the combination of post-synthetic methods enables rational zeolite design, extending the characteristics of these materials way beyond those imposed by the synthesis conditions.

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“…This is attributed to the ability of In cations, acting as Lewis acids, to activate m-xylene by way of hydride ion abstraction. The incorporation of In + ions into the zeolites produces well defined Lewis/Brønsted acid site ratios and the Lewis sites so produced can be of well defined nature and oxidation state, according to the IR spectra of adsorbed pyridine [12,13]. Ogura et al showed that the addition of a noble metal, especially iridium, to In/H-ZSM-5 could remarkably enhance the production of N 2 [14].…”

Section: Catalysis By Indium Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using InCl vapor to ion exchange indium into zeolite Na–X. II: A single crystal structure containing (In8Cl8)16+, In57+–Cl−–In57+, and In+

Sen

Kim

Kang

et al. 2013

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

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Incorporation of cationic indium species into zeolite beta by template-induced reductive solid-state ion exchange

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Methane Activation on In-Modified ZSM-5: The State of Indium in the Zeolite and Pathways of Methane Transformation to Surface Species

Methane Activation on In-Modified ZSM-5: The State of Indium in the Zeolite and Pathways of Methane Transformation to Surface Species

Tailored crystalline microporous materials by post-synthesis modification

Using InCl vapor to ion exchange indium into zeolite Na–X. II: A single crystal structure containing (In8Cl8)16+, In57+–Cl−–In57+, and In+

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