Incorporation of carbon quantum dots with PEDOT:PSS for high-performance inverted organic solar cells

Photoluminescence quantum yield of carbon dots: emission due to multiple centers versus excitonic emission

“…For example, incorporation of carbon quantum dots within PEDOT:PSS for high-performance inverted organic solar cells has been recently demonstrated. 61 But most interestingly the WF and IP of CD samples can be controllably varied using electronegative elements such as F, O, and N, which results in significant lowering of energy levels with respect to vacuum and increasing both ionization potential and work function.…”