Incorporation of a mixture of plant feedstuffs as substitute for fish meal in diets of juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima)

Replacement of Fishmeal with Plant Protein Ingredients in Diets to Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) – Effects on Weight Gain and Accretion

“…Also seabream shows reduction in protein gain when fishmeal was replaced with plant proteins (Robaina et al, 1995;Gomez-Requeni et al, 2004) and this was described to be due to an imbalanced amino acid profile. However, in turbot fed diets containing less than 20% fishmeal even though the amino acid profile in the diets was similar to the fishmeal based control, the protein accretion was less than the control fed turbot (Fournier et al, 2004).…”

“…This may of course be due to the fact that the diets do not contain a balanced amino acid profile, but even when the amino acid profile is balanced the performance declines as the plant ingredients increase (Fournier et al, 2003(Fournier et al, , 2004. However, when juvenile Senegalese sole were fed diets with very low fishmeal inclusion and balanced in all dietary amino acids and supplemented with taurine, the wet weight gain was equal to fish fed the diet containing high fishmeal inclusion (Silva et al, 2009).…”

“…Plant proteins are the most likely candidates because of their abundance and relatively low cost. However, upon substituting the fishmeal with plant protein ingredients reduced growth performance generally occurs in Atlantic salmon (Olli et al, 1995;Refstie et al, 1998;Storebakken et al, 1998;Carter & Hauler, 2000;Krogdahl et al, 2003;Opstvedt et al, 2003) as well as in other fish species of commercial interest such as Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua (von der Decken & Lied, 1993;Hansen et al, 2007), sea bream, Sparus aurata (Robaina et al, 1995;Gòmez-Requeni et al, 2004), rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Pongmaneerat & Watanabe, 1992;Gomes et al, 1995;Kaushik et al, 1995) and turbot, Psetta maxima (Regost et al, 1999;Fournier et al, 2004). Increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) and reduced protein utilization are of major concern when fishmeal is replaced with plant ingredients (Robaina et al, 1995;Refstie et al, 1998;Opstvedt et al, 2003).…”

“…Traditionally feed intake has been of less concern when the diet fishmeal inclusion was high as fish had satisfactory voluntary feed intake to maximise the growth potential. But upon replacing the fishmeal with plant protein ingredients, the acceptability of the feed may reduce resulting in a reduced growth performance (Kaushik et al, 1995;Fournier et al, 2004;Glencross et al, 2004;Dias et al, 2005). Thus one of the greatest challenges in the formulation of high plant protein diets for farmed Atlantic salmon has been to secure that the fish accept the feed offered to them equally well as the fishmeal based diets.…”

Farelo de crambe nas formas in natura ou reduzida em antinutrientes na dieta do jundiá

“…O aumento de proteína hepática nos peixes do tratamento CrT possivelmente está associado à maior concentração de AST, enzima relacionada à transaminação de aminoácidos no metabolismo intermediário e considerada indicativo de catabolismo proteico. FOURNIER et al (2004) correlacionaram o aumento na atividade de aminotransferases com um decréscimo na efi ciência proteica em juvenis de turbot (Psetta maxima) alimentados com dietas contendo farelos vegetais. Já, os animais alimentados com a forma in natura do farelo de crambe não apresentaram alterações nos parâmetros bioquímicos avaliados no fígado, sinalizando maior efi ciência da dieta consumida e contribuição ao crescimento.…”