Incorporating the recovered carbon black produced in an industrial-scale waste tire pyrolysis plant into a natural rubber formulation

Yepes, William Urrego; Cardona-Uribe, Natalia; Vargas-Isaza, Carlos Andrés; Martínez, Juan Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112292

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The authors indicated that rCB lacks the ability to substitute the N550 commercial CB due to the presence of impurities, along with the higher ash content [94]. The difficulty in using rCB as a reinforcing agent in rubber formulations was also reported by Urrego-Yepes et al [95]. These authors revealed different properties when rCB or CB are used in the rubber formulations using filler loads of 20, 30, 40, and 50 phr (parts per hundred rubber).…”

Section: Rcb Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Recent studies assessed the properties and performance of tire rubbers produced with rCB in partial or total replacement of commercial CB [ 43 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 ]. Xu et al [ 93 ] studied the performance of a rubber product comprising rCB (produced at 420 °C and 95–100 kPa) as a substitute of CB (N234 series) revealing that the product meets the quality requirements for low- and medium-quality recycled rubbers when rCB consists of small amounts (20 to 50%) of the filler incorporated in the matrix.…”

Section: Recovered Carbon Blackmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These authors revealed different properties when rCB or CB are used in the rubber formulations using filler loads of 20, 30, 40, and 50 phr (parts per hundred rubber). However, in the cases of partial substitution of CB (50% replacement), similar rheological, thermal, structural, and mechanical properties were achieved when the total filler amount was increased, i.e., higher loads of rCB–CB mixtures compensated for the lower reinforcing properties of rCB [ 95 ]. Berki et al [ 96 ] studied the properties of styrene–butadiene rubbers containing CB (N330 grade) and rCB with similar surface areas, alone or mixed in proportions of 9:1 and 1:1, respectively, using filler loads of 30, 45, and 60 phr.…”

Section: Recovered Carbon Blackmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production and Upgrading of Recovered Carbon Black from the Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires

Costa

Fowler²,

Carreira³

et al. 2022

Materials

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Increasing awareness regarding fossil fuel dependence, waste valorization, and greenhouse gas emissions have prompted the emergence of new solutions for numerous markets over the last decades. The tire industry is no exception to this, with a global production of more than 1.5 billion tires per year raising environmental concerns about their end-of-life recycling or disposal. Pyrolysis enables the recovery of both energy and material from end-of-life tires, yielding valuable gas, liquid, and solid fractions. The latter, known as recovered carbon black (rCB), has been extensively researched in the last few years to ensure its quality for market applications. These studies have shown that rCB quality depends on the feedstock composition and pyrolysis conditions such as type of reactor, temperature range, heating rate, and residence time. Recent developments of activation and demineralization techniques target the production of rCB with specific chemical, physical, and morphological properties for singular applications. The automotive industry, which is the highest consumer of carbon black, has set specific targets to incorporate recycled materials (such as rCB) following the principles of sustainability and a circular economy. This review summarizes the pyrolysis of end-of-life tires for the production of syngas, oil, and rCB, focusing on the process conditions and product yield and composition. A further analysis of the characteristics of the solid material is performed, including their influence on the rCB application as a substitute of commercial CB in the tire industry. Purification and modification post-treatment processes for rCB upgrading are also inspected.

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Section: Rcb Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Recovered Carbon Blackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recovered Carbon Blackmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production and Upgrading of Recovered Carbon Black from the Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires

Costa

Fowler²,

Carreira³

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…[18] William et al found PCB had lower reinforcement ability than N550. [19] The specific surface area, [20] structure, [21] and surface chemical activity [22,23] of a carbon black are the main factors affecting its reinforcement ability for rubbers, thus determining the mechanical properties of rubber vulcanizates. The existence of a large amount of ash in PCB reduces its specific surface area, [24] and adversely affect its reinforcement ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pyrolysis Carbon Black from Waste Tire on the Mechanical Properties of SSBR/BR Blend

Zhang

Wang

Jiang

2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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Pyrolysis carbon black (PCB) is a main product during the pyrolysis of waste tires. Using PCB to partially replace carbon black has drawn great attention. Herein, PCB is used to replace commercial carbon black N234 in a solution‐polymerized styrene‐butadiene rubber (SSBR)/butadiene rubber (BR)/silica compound used for tire treads. The influence of liquid polyisoprene (LIR) on the SSBR/BR/silica compound is studied. The scorch time of the compound is prolonged and the curing rate increases when N234 is partially replaced by PCB, and the processing performance of the compound is improved after the addition of LIR. As N234 is partially replaced by PCB, the addition of LIR can increase the tensile strength and elongation at break of SSBR/BR/silica vulcanizates, and improve their ageing resistance. When 50% N234 is replaced by PCB in the presence of LIR, the rolling resistance and wet grip of SSBR/BR/silica vulcanizate are improved, while the abrasion resistance slightly decreased. In the presence of liquid polyisoprene, PCB can be successfully used to partially replace common carbon black in tire rubber compounds without compromising properties.

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“…27,28 However, only a few papers report on the use of ETC as a filler for the preparation of polymer composites. In this context, it has been used for the preparation of rubber composites 20,21,29 to be reused in tire formulation and of epoxy nanocomposites for coating applications. 30 Considering that the demand for using polymer composites in various application areas is vast and that the incorporation of ETC in a solid market is challenging, 13 further studies are required to overcome the barriers behind the incorporation of ETC into polymer composites and giving a positive impact to the sustainability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of different dry‐mixing techniques on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical behavior of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene/exhausted tire carbon composites

Duraccio¹,

Arrigo

Bartoli

et al. 2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The mechanical, thermal, and electrical behavior of ultra-high molecular weight (UHMWPE) composites containing different amount of pyrolyzed exhausted tire carbon (ETC) is investigated. Composites were obtained by dry-mixing the powders with a homogenizer and an impact mill. The results clearly indicate that, by changing the mixing method, it is possible to tune the rheological and morphological characteristics of the composites and in turn their mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties.Better performances were observed for the composites obtained with the impact mill, which showed improved Young modulus, reduced electrical and thermal resistance with respect to those of homogenized counterparts. All the composites exhibited a relevant reduction of electrical resistivity with a percolation threshold of 1.51 vol%.

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Incorporating the recovered carbon black produced in an industrial-scale waste tire pyrolysis plant into a natural rubber formulation

Cited by 43 publications

References 47 publications

Production and Upgrading of Recovered Carbon Black from the Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires

Production and Upgrading of Recovered Carbon Black from the Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires

Effect of Pyrolysis Carbon Black from Waste Tire on the Mechanical Properties of SSBR/BR Blend

Influence of different dry‐mixing techniques on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical behavior of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene/exhausted tire carbon composites

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