“…Whenever the material response is of singlecrystalline type [63] or at least polycrystalline such that individual grains are not predominant [64], regarding the effective material response, continuum approaches are valuable to use since the microstructure of the material does not need to be accounted for, explicitly. In cases when microstructural characteristics of the material become predominant, continuum models need to be enriched by additional considerations, like the incorporation of strain gradients [65] and explicit modeling of the influence resulting from interfaces, e.g., in bimetallic materials [66]. Modeling grain boundary mechanisms is an ongoing challenge in the development of continuum models and has been approached, e.g., by the development of gradient crystal plasticity theories, e.g., [67][68][69].…”