Incorporating flexibility requirements into long-term energy system models – A case study on high levels of renewable electricity penetration in Ireland

Welsch, Manuel; Deane, Paul; Howells, Mark; Gallachóir, Brian Ó; Rogan, Fionn; Bazilian, Morgan; Rogner, Hans‐Holger

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.08.072

Cited by 206 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Daily-optimized schedules are optimized on a daily basis and fixed schedules on a yearly basis. High tariff 2 and double hump belong to the category of fixed schedules. Double hump schedules consist of two periods per day operated in peak load.…”

Section: Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shift away from a fossil-based energy system towards a decarbonized and more sustainable supply of energy is particularly driven by the need to mitigate negative impacts on climate change [1,2]. As a consequence, Germany aims to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 80% (over 1990 figures) by 2050 through improved energy efficiency and the further development and use of renewable energy sources [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible power generation scenarios for biogas plants operated in Germany: impacts on economic viability and GHG emissions

Lauer

Dotzauer

Hennig

et al. 2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYBiogas plants enable power to be generated in a flexible way so that variable, renewable energy sources can be integrated into the energy system. In Germany, the Renewable Energy Sources Act promotes flexible power generation in biogas plants. Two existing biogas plants in flexible operation were analyzed with respect to economic viability and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to assess the feasibility of flexible operation. To do this, a biogas technology simulation model was developed to reproduce the technical design of both biogas plants and to link this design with twelve flexibilization scenarios. The evaluation of the economic viability is based on a discounting method of investment appraisal. For assessing the level of GHG emissions, the life cycle assessment method has been applied. The results show that the profitability of flexibilization is contingent upon premium payments promoting flexibility and direct sales resulting from a higher electrical efficiency of new or additionally installed combined heat and power units. Overall, with respect to profitability, the results of the flexible power generation scenarios are dependent upon the properties of the technical plant, such as its power generation and gas storage capacities. Relative GHG emissions from flexible biogas plants show significantly lower values than for referenced fossil gas-steam power stations. Among the various scenarios, the results reveal that the level of GHG emissions especially depends on the number of operating hours of the additional combined heat and power unit(s). The results of the analyzed biogas plants showed no direct correlation between GHG emissions and the economic benefits. Overall, a flexible power generation of biogas plants may improve the economic viability as well as result in lower GHG emissions in comparison with a conventional base load operation.

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Section: Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible power generation scenarios for biogas plants operated in Germany: impacts on economic viability and GHG emissions

Lauer

Dotzauer

Hennig

et al. 2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

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show abstract

“…A number of studies used a uni-directional soft-link to analyse the impact of the limited level of temporal and technical detail typically used in ESOMs [10,19,69]. In addition, this approach has been applied in a number of studies to scrutinise energy system model results [67,70,71].…”

Section: State Of the Art Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple authors have recently analysed the impact of temporal detail [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], technical detail [10,11,[17][18][19][20] and spatial detail [21][22][23] employed in long-term planning models. Depending on the representation of integration challenges, low levels of detail can either favour or disfavour VRES: For high penetrations of VRES, If electricity is treated as a homogeneous good or only a low number of averaged time-slices is used, the low level of detail leads to an overestimation of the value of baseload technologies and VRES, while the value of flexible generation technologies with higher generation costs is underestimated [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating short term variations of the power system into integrated energy system models: A methodological review

Collins

Deane

Poncelet

et al. 2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

231

145

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It is anticipated that the decarbonisation of the entire energy system will require the introduction of large shares of variable renewable electricity generation into the power system. Long term integrated energy systems models are useful in improving our understanding of decarbonisation but they struggle to take account of short term variations in the power system associated with increased variable renewable energy penetration. This can oversimplify the ability of power systems to accommodate variable renewables and result in mistaken signals regarding the levels of flexibility required in power systems. Capturing power system impacts of variability within integrated energy system models is challenging due to temporal and technical simplifying assumptions needed to make such models computationally manageable. This paper addresses a gap in the literature by reviewing prominent methodologies that have been applied to address this challenge and the advantages & limitations of each. The methods include soft linking between integrated energy systems models and power systems models and improving the temporal and technical representation of power systems within integrated energy systems models. Each methodology covered approaches the integration of short term variations and assesses the flexibility of the system differently. The strengths, limitations, and applicability of these different methodologies are analysed. This review allows users of integrated energy systems models to select a methodology (or combination of methodologies) to suit their needs. In addition, the analysis identifies remaining gaps and shortcomings.

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“…A rather conservative approach is taken regarding minimum requirements of fast-response (spinning) reserves. Spinning reserve can be described as online units that can be ramped up or down within seconds or minutes to limit sudden shifts in the frequency of the grid, for example due to outages [28]. Based on information provided by the Transmission System Operator in Cyprus spinning reserve requirements are the following:…”

Section: A31 System Operational Reserve Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable energy technology integration for the island of Cyprus: A cost-optimization approach

Taliotis

Taibi²,

Howells

et al. 2017

Energy

Self Cite

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In light of the ongoing financial crisis, Cyprus is called to transform its energy sector. The high electricity cost has been recognized as a priority issue and authorities on the island are considering several available options to reduce electricity tariffs. A fuel switch from oil to gas, domestic or imported, an electrical cross-border interconnection and a rapid increase in the share of renewable energy are among the major options being considered. Focusing on the power supply of Cyprus, the present study uses a cost-optimization tool to investigate the impact of different combinations of policy decision, resulting in a series of different scenarios, with some common key findings, with the aim of directly informing future energy policy decisions. Results indicate that renewable energy technologies will play a major role regardless the decisions taken. However, a set of enabling regulatory and market changes on the horizon might prevent least-cost deployment of renewables to take place. This study will review the findings and make some recommendations on the achievement of this optimal pathways for the evolution of Cyprus electricity sector.

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Incorporating flexibility requirements into long-term energy system models – A case study on high levels of renewable electricity penetration in Ireland

Cited by 206 publications

References 22 publications

Flexible power generation scenarios for biogas plants operated in Germany: impacts on economic viability and GHG emissions

Flexible power generation scenarios for biogas plants operated in Germany: impacts on economic viability and GHG emissions

Integrating short term variations of the power system into integrated energy system models: A methodological review

Renewable energy technology integration for the island of Cyprus: A cost-optimization approach

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