Inconel 625/AISI 413 Stainless Steel Functionally Graded Material Produced by Direct Laser Deposition

Ferreira, André Alves; Emadinia, Omid; Cruz, João M.; Reis, Ana; Vieira, Manuel F.

doi:10.3390/ma14195595

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…In the meantime, the substrate material functions as a cooling media, consequently, microstructure changes in comparison with that of the virgin substrate, forming HAZ. Recent studies showed that the HAZ properties depended on the temperature of the substrate, in the room temperature or heated up to 250 °C [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The substrate used in the current study is AISI 1045 that is susceptible to martensitic transformation, depending on the cooling rate [ 25 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Deposited 18Ni300 Alloy Powder on 1045 Steel: Effect of Passes and Preheating on Microstructure

et al. 2022

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The application of maraging steels such as 18Ni300 alloy is noteworthy for mould industries, applying repair purposes through direct energy deposition process. This objective requires microstructural characterizations and the evaluation of mechanical behaviour such as hardness. The state of substrate material, including the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the interface between the HAZ and deposited layer, is essential, the formation of hard phases and abrupt transitions. Thus, the influence of the number of deposited layers or the pre-heating condition appears noteworthy. In the current study, microscopy observations did not reveal the presence of any crack in the cross-sections of deposited 18Ni300 alloy powder on AISI 1045 sheet steel; however, pores were observed in deposited layers. Besides, microscopic analyses revealed the achievement of a smooth HAZ in the deposited layers composed of three-layered depositions or that received preheating, confirmed by hardness measurements as well. Dilution effect ensured a metallurgical bonding between depositions and substrate, strongly affected by preheating. The HAZ microstructure, mainly martensitic transformation, distribution of chemical composition, epitaxial growth at the interface, and the size of crystals and grains were affected by preheating or the number of layers. Moreover, the heat propagation and/or dissipation across the deposited layers influenced the dendrite morphology and the texture of grains. The preheating condition provoked the formation of cellular/equiaxed dendrites that was highlighted in the three-layered deposition, increase in dendrite interspace growth.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%