Incomplete Editing of rps12 Transcripts Results in the Synthesis of Polymorphic Polypeptides in Plant Mitochondria

Phreaner, Christina G.; Williams, Mark A.; Mulligan, R. Michael

doi:10.2307/3870072

Cited by 25 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For example, numerous variants of proteins are apparently synthesized when incompletely edited mRNAs are translated, which is suggested by the observation that these RNAs are found associated with the ribosome (Phreaner et al 1996). However, since only proteins corresponding to completely edited messengers appear to be inserted into the mature respiratory chain complexes and the ribosome (Grohmann et al 1994;Williams et al 1998) and protein products corresponding to incompletely edited mRNAs cannot be detected, these have to be rapidly turned over.…”

Section: Protein Turnovermentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression in plant mitochondria: transcriptional and post–transcriptional control

Binder

Brennicke

2003

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

114

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The informational content of the mitochondrial genome in plants is, although small, essential for each cell. Gene expression in these organelles involves a number of distinct transcriptional and post-transcriptional steps. The complex post-transcriptional processes of plant mitochondria such as 59 and 39 RNA processing, intron splicing, RNA editing and controlled RNA stability extensively modify individual steady-state RNA levels and influence the mRNA quantities available for translation. In this overview of the processes in mitochondrial gene expression, we focus on confirmed and potential sites of regulatory interference and discuss the evolutionary origins of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes.

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Section: Protein Turnovermentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression in plant mitochondria: transcriptional and post–transcriptional control

Binder

Brennicke

2003

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

114

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“…Or does inhibition of editing of particular transcripts sometimes serve to increase the expression of mitochondrial protein variants? Although incompletely edited transcripts are known to be translated in plant mitochondria, no useful protein variation has ever been detected as a result (Lu and Hanson, 1994;Lu et al, 1996;Phreaner et al, 1996;Williams et al, 1998). Proteins derived from incompletely edited transcripts are usually thought to be degraded or nonfunctional.…”

Section: Reme1 Is a Positive Regulator And Might Be A Negative Regulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Variation in Arabidopsis Leads to the Identification of REME1, a Pentatricopeptide Repeat-DYW Protein Controlling the Editing of Mitochondrial Transcripts

2010

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In vascular plants, organelle RNAs are edited by C-to-U base modification. Hundreds of mitochondrial C residues are targeted for editing in flowering plants. In this study, we exploited naturally occurring variation in editing extent to identify Required for Efficiency of Mitochondrial Editing1 (REME1), an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) pentatricopeptide repeat protein-encoding gene belonging to the DYW subclass that promotes editing of at least two C residues on different mitochondrial transcripts. Positional cloning identified REME1 unambiguously as the gene controlling editing of nad2-558. Virus-induced gene silencing of REME1 confirmed its role in editing of nad2-558 and allowed us to identify orfX-552 as a second C whose editing is positively controlled by REME1. An unexpected outcome of REME1 silencing was the finding of a number of mitochondrial C targets whose editing extent exhibits a significant and reproducible increase in silenced tissues. That increase was shown to be partly due to the virus inoculation and partly to REME1-specific silencing. Analysis of an insertional T-DNA mutant within the REME1 coding sequence confirmed the findings of the virus-induced gene silencing experiments: decrease in editing extent of nad2-558 and orfX-552 and increase in editing extent of two sites, matR-1771 and rpl5-92. Transgenic complementation of the low-edited accession (Landsberg erecta) restored the editing of nad2-558 and orfX-552 to high-edited accession (Columbia)-type levels or to even higher levels than Columbia. There was no effect of the transgene on editing extent of matR-1771 and rpl5-92. The strategy and tools used in this report can be applied to identify additional genes that affect editing extent in plant mitochondria.

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“…To test whether partially edited rps12 transcripts were translated, we made use of antibodies raised against 13-amino-acid long peptides (amino acids 87 to 99) specified by fully edited and unedited maize rps12 cDNA sequences (32). The peptide sequences span codons 90 and 95 of petunia RPS12 protein that are altered by RNA editing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crude rabbit antisera were raised against edited RPS12 peptide (VKDLPGVK FHCIR) and unedited RPS12 peptide (VKDSPGVKSHRIR) (32). These antisera were affinity purified by using fusion proteins expressing edited and unedited RPS12 forms according to published procedures (28).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epitope-specific antibodies against edited and un-edited RPS12 peptides have recently shown that both fully and partially edited rps12 transcripts are translated in maize mitochondria (32). Products of the partially edited maize rps12 transcripts were found in the soluble rather than the ribosome fraction (32). We have analyzed mitochondrial RPS12 protein by using these anti-maize RPS12 antibodies in a unique set of petunia genotypes differing in rps12 editing extent.…”

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Protein Polymorphism Generated by Differential RNA Editing of a Plant Mitochondrial rps12 Gene

Wilson

Phreaner

et al. 1996

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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The rps12 gene transcripts encoding mitochondrial ribosomal protein S12 are partially edited in petunia mitochondria. Different petunia lines were found vary in the extent of rps12 transcript editing. To test whether multiple forms of RPS12 proteins are produced in petunia mitochondria as a result of partial editing, we probed mitochondrial proteins with specific antibodies against edited and unedited forms of a 13-amino-acid RPS12 peptide spanning two amino acids affected by RNA editing. Both antibodies reacted with mitochondrial proteins at the expected size for RPS12 proteins. The amounts of unedited RPS12 protein in different petunia lines correlate with the abundance of unedited transcripts in these plants. Unedited rps12 translation products are also detected in other plant species, indicating that polymorphism in mitochondrial rps12 expression is widespread. Moreover, we show that RPS12 proteins recognized by both edited-specific and unedited-specific antibodies are present in a petunia mitochondrial ribosome fraction. These results demonstrate that partially edited transcripts can be translated and that the protein product can accumulate to detectable levels. Therefore, genes exhibiting incompletely edited transcripts can encode more than one gene product in plant mitochondria.

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Incomplete Editing of rps12 Transcripts Results in the Synthesis of Polymorphic Polypeptides in Plant Mitochondria

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Gene expression in plant mitochondria: transcriptional and post–transcriptional control

Gene expression in plant mitochondria: transcriptional and post–transcriptional control

Natural Variation in Arabidopsis Leads to the Identification of REME1, a Pentatricopeptide Repeat-DYW Protein Controlling the Editing of Mitochondrial Transcripts

Protein Polymorphism Generated by Differential RNA Editing of a Plant Mitochondrial rps12 Gene

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