“…In the traditional classification methods, like SVM, decision tree, the training pattern and test pattern are generally complete, and the missing values are not considered. Many classification methods have emerged to address the issue of incomplete patterns [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27]. These methods can be broadly divided into four categories: removing incomplete patterns, model-based classification, machine learning-based imputation methods, and direct classification of incomplete pattern.…”