Incomplete and late recovery of sudden olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19

Kosugi, Eduardo Macoto; Lavinsky, Joel; Romano, Fabrizio Ricci; Fornazieri, Marco Aurélio; Luz‐Matsumoto, Gabriela Ricci; Lessa, Marcus Miranda; Piltcher, Otávio Bejzman; Sant’Anna, Geraldo Druck

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.05.001

Cited by 74 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We identified 2 meta-analyses of 24 and 21 studies/case reports respectively that described patients with olfactory/ gustatory dysfunction [69,70]. In addition, we describe 11 studies that evaluated olfactory/gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients (Table 6) [71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81].…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular presentations in patients with COVID-19

et al. 2020

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COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that has an affinity for neural tissue. There are reports of encephalitis, encephalopathy, cranial neuropathy, Guillain-Barrè syndrome, and myositis/rhabdomyolysis in patients with COVID-19. In this review, we focused on the neuromuscular manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We analyzed all published reports on SARS-CoV-2-related peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction, muscle, and cranial nerve disorders. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction is now accepted as an early manifestation of COVID-19 infection. Inflammation, edema, and axonal damage of olfactory bulb have been shown in autopsy of patients who died of COVID-19. Olfactory pathway is suggested as a portal of entry of SARS-CoV-2 in the brain. Similar to involvement of olfactory bulb, isolated oculomotor, trochlear and facial nerve has been described. Increasing reports Guillain-Barrè syndrome secondary to COVID-19 are being published. Unlike typical GBS, most of COVID-19-related GBS were elderly, had concomitant pneumonia or ARDS, more prevalent demyelinating neuropathy, and relatively poor outcome. Myalgia is described among the common symptoms of COVID-19 after fever, cough, and sore throat. Duration of myalgia may be related to the severity of COVID-19 disease. Few patients had muscle weakness and elevated creatine kinase along with elevated levels of acute-phase reactants. All these patients with myositis/rhabdomyolysis had severe respiratory complications related to COVID-19. A handful of patients with myasthenia gravis showed exacerbation of their disease after acquiring COVID-19 disease. Most of these patients recovered with either intravenous immunoglobulins or steroids.

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Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular presentations in patients with COVID-19

et al. 2020

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“…This could explain the relatively fast recovery in most patients suffering COVID-19 triggered anosmia [28,29]. However, some cases have been reported with very slow or nearly no recovery of anosmia [30]. Depending on the dimension of destruction of sustentacular and glandular cells, reproduction from basal cells followed by recovery of the nasal mucus may be prolonged or, as in severe cases, the destruction of sustentacular cells may also affect the basal cells leading to extended symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of SARS-CoV2 entry protein ACE2 in the human nose and olfactory bulb

Klingenstein

Neckel

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Usually, pandemic COVID-19 disease, caused by SARS-CoV2, presents with mild respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough but frequently also with anosmia and neurological symptom. Virus-cell fusion is mediated by Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) with their organ expression pattern determining viral tropism. Clinical presentation suggests rapid viral dissemination to central nervous system leading frequently to severe symptoms including viral meningitis. Here, we provide a comprehensive expression landscape of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 proteins across human, post-mortem nasal and olfactory tissue. Sagittal sections through the human nose complemented with immunolabelling of respective cell types represent different anatomically defined regions including olfactory epithelium, respiratory epithelium of the nasal conchae and the paranasal sinuses along with the hardly accessible human olfactory bulb. ACE2 can be detected in the olfactory epithelium, as well as in the respiratory epithelium of the nasal septum, the nasal conchae and the paranasal sinuses. ACE2 is located in the sustentacular cells and in the glandular cells in the olfactory epithelium, as well as in the basal cells, glandular cells and epithelial cells of the respiratory epithelium. Intriguingly, ACE2 is not expressed in mature or immature olfactory receptor neurons and basal cells in the olfactory epithelium. Similarly ACE2 is not localized in the olfactory receptor neurons albeit the olfactory bulb is positive. Vice versa, TMPRSS2 can also be detected in the sustentacular cells and the glandular cells of the olfactory epithelium.Our findings provide the basic anatomical evidence for the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the human nose, olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. Thus, they are substantial for future studies that aim to elucidate the symptom of SARS-CoV2 induced anosmia of via the olfactory pathway.

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“…Mewabahnya virus yang dinamakan Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pertama kali muncul diakhir 2019 di Negara China (Addeo & Friedlaender, 2020), yang selanjutnya menyebar kebelahan dunia dan menyebabkan jutaan penduduk terinfeksi dan sebagian diantaranya meninggal dunia (Alberici et al, 2020). Virus ini menyebabkan gangguan pernapasan dan anosmia secara mendadak (Kosugi et al, 2020), serta menimbulkan trauma bagi pasien (Gumina, Proietti, Polizzotti, Carbone, & Candela, 2020), tidak hanya terhadap orang dewasa namun, juga terjadi pada anak-anak (Dolores De Luca et al, 2020). Penyebaran virus ini belangsung dengan cepat dan menyebabkan kematian tinggi (Devrim & Bayram, 2020), dengan total secara keseluruhan di dunia mencapai 5.796.257 penduduk dan menyebabkan kematian sebanyak 362.483 penduduk (WHO, 2020).…”

Section: A Pendahuluanunclassified

Analisis Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Sistem Blok di Masa Pandemi COVID-19: Studi Kasus Politeknik STMI Jakarta

Safril

2020

jartika

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Abstrak: Pandemi Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mewabah secara lokal yang kemudian menyebar luas keseluruh dunia. Diketahui melalui data WHO 29 Mei 2020 tercatat penyebaran kasus COVID-19, setidaknya 5.796.257 penduduk dunia yang terinfeksi dan 362.483 penduduk dinyatakan meninggal. Di Indonesia sendiri, terdapat 25.216 penduduk terinfeksi dan 1.520 meninggal. Hal ini, tentunya berimbas buruk pada keseluruhan sektor, baik itu sektor ekonomi maupun pendidikan. Pada Penerapan Pembatasan Sosial Skala Besar (PSBB) yang diterapkan di Jakarta dan beberapa wilayah di Indonesia dinyatakan kurang efektif sehingga beralih ke era new normal. Dengan penerapan era new normal di masa pandemik COVID-19 memberi tantangan tersendiri pada dunia pendidikan sehingga dibutuhkan metode pembelajaran yang sesuai. Paper ini, bertujuan menerapkan pembelajaran sistem blok dimasa pandemi Covid-19 dengan menganalisis peminatan mahasiswa dan dosen di lingkungan Politeknik STMI Jakarta, dengan cara membagi dua bagian kelompok mahasiswa. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan skala likert sebagai peneliaian tingkat efektivitas penerapan metode pembelajaran sistem blok. Pengolahan data mengunakan metode pearson moment product, yang selanjutnya dilakukan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas dan linearitas pada software Perangkat Lunak. Dari hasil analisis dan pengolahan data secara hipotesis statistik dinyatakan pembelajaran sistem blok dapat diterapkan, ditentukan dari minat mahasiswa dan dosen. Abstract: Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) locally, which later spread throughout the world through local transmission, the spread of this virus, started in the years of 2020. Based on WHO data May 29, 2020, recorded the spread of COVID-19 cases, at least 5,796,257 infected world population, and 362,483 populations were declared dead. In Indonesia, there were 25,216 infected inhabitants and 1,520 died. This matter, affects the whole sector, whether it is economic and educational sectors. In the implementation of a Large-scale social restriction (PSBB) applied in Jakarta and some regions in Indonesia are considered less effective so that the switch to the era new normal. With the implementation, a new era in the COVID-19 pandemic will give a challenge to education so that appropriate methods of learning are needed. This paper aims to implement the block system learning in the Covid-19 pandemic period by analyzing the specialization of students and lecturers in the Polytechnic STMI of Jakarta environment, by dividing the two groups of student groups. The data collection method uses a questionnaire and Likert scale as an assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of the block system learning method. Data processing using the Pearson moment product method, which then performed the validity, reliability, and linearity tests on the software. From the results of the analysis and processing of data in a statistical hypothesis, it stated that block system learning can be applied, determined from the interests of students, and lecturers.

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Incomplete and late recovery of sudden olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19

Cited by 74 publications

References 13 publications

Neuromuscular presentations in patients with COVID-19

Neuromuscular presentations in patients with COVID-19

Evidence of SARS-CoV2 entry protein ACE2 in the human nose and olfactory bulb

Analisis Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Sistem Blok di Masa Pandemi COVID-19: Studi Kasus Politeknik STMI Jakarta

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