Income-related inequality in completed suicide across the provinces of Iran

Abstract

OBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to measure income-related inequality in completed suicide across the provinces of Iran.METHODSThis ecological study was performed using data from the Urban and Rural Household Income and Expenditure Survey-2010 conducted by the Iranian Center of Statistics, along with data on completed suicide from the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization in 2012. We calculated the Gini coefficient of per capita income and the completed suicide rate, as well as the concentration index for per capita income inequality in completed suicide, across the provinces of Iran.RESULTSThe Gini coefficients of per capita income and the completed suicide rate in the provinces of Iran were 0.10 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06 to 0.13) and 0.34 (95% CI, 0.21 to 0.46), respectively. We found a trivial decreasing trend in the completed suicide incidence rate according to income quintile. The poorest-to-richest ratio in the completed suicide rate was 2.01 (95% CI, 1.26 to 3.22). The concentration index of completed suicide in the provinces of Iran was -0.12 (95% CI, -0.30 to 0.06).CONCLUSIONSThis study found that lower income might be considered as a risk factor for completed suicide. Nonetheless, further individual studies incorporating multivariable analysis and repeated cross-sectional data would allow a more fine-grained analysis of this phenomenon.

Social and economic variables related with Paraquat self-poisoning: an ecological study

“…These findings are highly consistent with previous reports in suicide for all causes, especially reported from developed countries [6][7][8]25]. According to a systematic review, poverty, particularly in the form of worse economic status, diminished wealth, and unemployment is associated with suicidal ideations and behaviors [26].…”

Social and Economic Variables Related with Paraquat Self-Poisoning: an Ecological Study

“…These findings are highly consistent with previous reports in suicide for all causes, especially reported from developed countries [6][7][8]25]. According to a systematic review, poverty, particularly in the form of worse economic status, diminished wealth, and unemployment is associated with suicidal ideations and behaviors [26].…”

“…According to a systematic review, poverty, particularly in the form of worse economic status, diminished wealth, and unemployment is associated with suicidal ideations and behaviors [26]. In another study in fifteen European countries, the suicide rate was negatively related to economic categorization; with affluent areas having the lowest rates and poor areas the highest of suicides [25]. Although the mechanisms of this relationship are unknown, income inequality can affect individuals by depression and feelings of hopelessness.…”

Social and Economic Variables Related with Paraquat Self-Poisoning: an Ecological Study

“…These findings are highly consistent with previous reports in suicide for all causes, especially reported from developed countries [6][7][8]24]. According to a systematic review, poverty, particularly in the form of worse economic status, diminished wealth, and unemployment is associated with suicidal ideations and behaviors [25].…”

“…According to a systematic review, poverty, particularly in the form of worse economic status, diminished wealth, and unemployment is associated with suicidal ideations and behaviors [25]. In another study in fifteen European countries, the suicide rate was negatively related to economic categorization; with affluent areas having the lowest rates and poor areas the highest of suicides [24]. Although the mechanisms of this relationship are unknown, income 6 inequality can affect individuals by depression and feelings of hopelessness.…”