Income-Related Inequalities in Chronic Disease Situation Among the Chinese Population Aged Above 45 Years

Qin, Shangren; Zirui, Huang; Ding, Ye

doi:10.1177/0046958019860383

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, we found that pro-poor inequality existed in the prevalence of self-reported chronic disease. This finding was in contrast to several previous studies, which found pro-rich inequality in prevalence of self-reported hypertension ( 22 ), diabetes ( 46 ), or other chronic disease ( 47 , 48 ) among rural residents. However, Cao found that the prevalence of tested hypertension was unequally concentrated among the poor respondents in China ( 49 ), which as consistent with our findings.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Income-related health inequality among rural residents in western China

Tang

2022

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveHealth equality has drawn much public attention in both developed and developing countries. China, the largest developing country, has implemented a new round of health system reform to improve health equality since 2009. This study aims to examine the magnitude and sources of income-related health inequality in western rural regions of China.MethodsData were obtained from the Survey of Rural Economic and Social Development in Western China conducted in 2014, in which 14,555 individuals from 5,299 households in 12 provinces were included. Health outcome variables of interest were self-rated health status, prevalence of chronic disease and four-week illness. Concentration index was calculated to assess magnitude of income-related health inequality, and nonlinear decomposition analysis was performed to identify the sources of health inequality.ResultsThe Concentration indexes for poor self-rated health status, prevalence of chronic disease and four-week illness were −0.0898 (P<0.001),−0.0860 (P<0.001) and −0.1284 (P<0.001), respectively. Income and education were two main sources of health inequality, accounting for about 25−50% and 15% contribution to the inequality. Ethnicity made <10% contribution to income-related health inequality, and enrollment in New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme contributed to <1%.ConclusionThis study found slight income-related health inequality among rural residents in western China, implying that although China has made substantial progress in economic development and poverty alleviation, health inequality in western rural region should still be concerned by the government. To achieve health equality further, the Chinese government should not only strengthen its reimbursement mechanism of the current health insurance scheme to improve affordability of primary healthcare for residents in western rural regions, but also implement health poverty alleviation policies targeting socioeconomically vulnerable population and ethnic minorities in future.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Income-related health inequality among rural residents in western China

Tang

2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Previous cross-sectional studies found out that income and education contributed a large proportion to health sector variables, such as chronic disease incidence and health service use [35][36][37][38][39][40]. Our study found income did not contribute as pro-rich inequality in food preference in a longitudinal view as much as cross-section data obtained.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

The Mobility of Income-related Inequality in Food Preferences Among Chinese Adults: a Population-based Longitudinal Study

Xu¹,

Zhou²,

Zhu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background:This study aimed to investigate the income-related inequality of food preference and its mobility in the long run, and to quantify the determinants’ contributions of socioeconomic inequality mobility in food preference in China.Methods:The data were sourced from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) conducted in 2006, 2009, 2011 and 2015, respectively. A study sample of 3940 adults were included for analysis. Five preselected questions were used to construct a summary food preference index. Cross-sectional and longitudinal concentration indices were used to measure the income-related inequality in food preference at a certain time and for a period, respectively. Health-related income mobility index was used to measure the gap between cross-sectional and longitudinal income-related health inequality concentration indices. Decomposition analysis was used to decompose income mobility index into its determinants.Results:The mean scores of food preference increased from 17.641 in 2006 to 18.881 in 2015. The richest people had the highest mean scores of food preference compared to other income groups in each year. Age, gender, income, education, and dietary knowledge score were positively associated with healthy food preference. The concentration indices of food preference score on income in each year were all positive, indicating that there was pro-rich inequality in food preference score with the rich having higher preference scores in each period. The income mobility index of food preference was -0.1426 after 4 periods, indicating that the degree of pro-rich inequality in food preference was larger than that at the baseline in the long run. Decomposition analysis showed that being married and living in Western China made healthy food preference more concentrated among the rich in the long run. Whereas increasing age and dietary knowledge contributed to making healthy food preference behavior less concentrated among the rich in the long run.Conclusions:The cross-sectional measure of food preference score inequality was underestimated in the long run. Our study suggests that people with decreased income could be taken as targeted population in future public intervention measures, and narrowing the regional gap between Eastern and Western China could be strengthened in future Chinese policies.

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“…However, there was no evidence available to identify whether volume of PA greater than 300 min/w produced more benefits [ 7 ]. For one thing, the WHO recommended value of movement was customized to healthy individuals, while most of the elderly in China were suffering from chronic disease [ 27 ]. Moreover, stroke has many risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Intensity, Frequency, Duration, and Volume of Physical Activity and the Risk of Stroke in Middle- and Older-Aged Chinese People: A Cross-Sectional Study

Yang

Bian

Zeng

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Context: Persuasive evidence has shown the inverse associations between physical activity (PA) and the risk of stroke. However, few studies have investigated the associations between different dimensions (intensity, frequency, duration, volume) of PA and the risk of stroke. Objective: To investigate the associations between different dimensions of PA and the risk of stroke in total participants and subgroups. Method: This study included 6250 individuals aged 45 years old and above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). PA was divided into vigorous PA (VPA), moderate PA (MPA), and light PA (LPA), and described in different dimensions (intensity, frequency, duration, volume). Stroke was defined on the basis of self-reported diagnosis and related treatments. Binary logistic regression models were established to assess the associations between different dimensions of PA and the risk of stroke in total participants and subgroups stratified by sex. Results: Individuals taking VPA with a frequency of 3–5 d/w, duration of ≥240 min/d, volume of ≥300 min/w had lower risks of strokes in total participants (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13, 0.75; OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.94; OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.99, respectively). However, significant associations of VPA with the risk of stroke in men were only observed in the duration of ≥240 min/d and volume of ≥300 min/w (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.93; OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.99, respectively) whereas no significance in women. Compared with individuals taking no MPA, inverse significant associations between the risk of stroke and any level of frequency, duration and volume in MPA were observed in total sample (OR ranging from 0.16–0.40, all p < 0.05), whereas significant associations between the risk of stroke and MPA were found in men except the duration of 10–29 min/d and volume of 150–299 min/w (OR ranging from 0.26–0.35, all p < 0.05), and in women except the frequency of 1–2 d/w and duration of ≥240 min/d (OR ranging from 0.14–0.49, all p < 0.05). No significant associations could be observed in total participants and subgroups between LPA and the risk of stroke. Conclusion: This study revealed some significant associations between different dimensions of PA, especially MPA, and the risk of stroke. Furthermore, the difference of association was observed in the groups with different sex. Further prospective study is needed to determine deeper associations between PA and the risk of stroke.

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Income-Related Inequalities in Chronic Disease Situation Among the Chinese Population Aged Above 45 Years

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Income-related health inequality among rural residents in western China

Income-related health inequality among rural residents in western China

The Mobility of Income-related Inequality in Food Preferences Among Chinese Adults: a Population-based Longitudinal Study

Associations between Intensity, Frequency, Duration, and Volume of Physical Activity and the Risk of Stroke in Middle- and Older-Aged Chinese People: A Cross-Sectional Study

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