Income or Assets—What Determines the Approach to the Environment among Farmers in A Region in Poland?

Grzelak, Aleksander; Staniszewski, Jakub; Borychowski, Michał

doi:10.3390/su12124917

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Many researchers describe SEM as a covariance structure analysis (Klein, 2011). SEM is preferred for its unique features, such as its ability to analyze latent variables and reflect on hypothetical constructs or factors, which are explanatory variables that are supposed to reflect a continuum that cannot be observed directly (Grzelak et al, 2020). This study uses this structural model to explain the behavior of micro-businesses in switching, which is the hypothetical structure.…”

Section: Materials and Methodology 31 Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why do micro-businesses hesitate to “grow up”?

Hieu

Van

Doanh

2021

APJBA

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PurposeThis study analyzes the factors that affect the decisions of micro-businesses to switch to enterprises in Thanh Hoa, Vietnam.Design/methodology/approachIn order to explain the behavior of micro-businesses in switching to enterprises, the authors designed a questionnaire and collected survey data from 404 micro-businesses. The generalized structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the structured model with the dichotomous dependent variable.FindingsFirst, the behavior of micro-businesses to switch was indirectly affected by needs and directly affected by attitudes, perceived behavioral control, subject norm and institutional quality. Second, the subject norms exerted the most influence on the behavior of the micro-businesses in switching. This finding implies that (1) the behavior of the micro-businesses depended on the assessments, perceptions and views of their friends, relatives and colleagues, and (2) the behavior to switch stems mainly from the desire to improve the businesses' position in society. Finally, both formal and informal institutions play an essential role in the behavior of the micro-businesses to switch to enterprises.Originality/valueThere have been no previous studies that have applied structured models to test the behavior of micro-businesses to switch to enterprises. Furthermore, previous studies had mainly addressed the psychological factors or needs of micro-businesses. In this study, apart from the above factors, the authors discuss the impact of institutions on the behavior of micro-businesses to switch.

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Section: Materials and Methodology 31 Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This feature is one of the most significant disadvantages of GSEM. To compensate for this drawback, we will pay attention to the normal distribution of errors, as Grzelak et al (2020) mentioned.…”

Section: Apjba 133mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do micro-businesses hesitate to “grow up”?

Hieu

Van

Doanh

2021

APJBA

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“…A quota selection of the number of farms for the survey was applied. For this purpose, the assumed number of the surveyed farms (120) was divided proportionally taking into account both the economic size (ES2-ES5) and production type of the farms (TF1-fieldcrops, TF5-milk, TF6-other grazing livestock, TF6-granivores, TF8-mixed), which occurs in the group of farms conducting agricultural accounting according to FADN in the Wielkopolska region [29]. Next, the farms were drawn using the operators of the Agricultural Accounting Office of the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics in Warsaw.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Objectives of Farm Operations—Evidence from a Region in Poland

Grzelak

2020

Agriculture

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The objectives set by agricultural producers directly translate into the directions of the development of farms. What is particularly important: Is there a conflict between the economic and environmental objectives of farm operations? This issue is not resolved in the literature on the subject and still is a challenge for policymakers. The main aim of the article is to identify the preferences of farm managers concerning the objectives of farm operations, as well as to examine their mutual relations. The article employs the results of surveys carried out on farms from the Wielkopolska region (Poland). The analysis of Spearman’s rank, cluster analysis, also the classification tree method, and multidimensional scaling were applied. The research shows that the relations between the income and assets objective turned out to be moderate in terms of strength, while the environmental objective turned out to be statistically insignificant related to economic objectives (in the context of their perception by respondents). There are differences in this respect, including also a group of the respondents in which income and environmental objectives have been ranked simultaneously high. It is, however, difficult to state clearly whether there is a complementarity between the income and the environmental objective from the perspective of perception by respondents. Although when the context of the real action is taken into account then the answer should be positive. Therefore, there is a gap between the farmers’ perception of reality—choice of the hierarchy of objectives, and the real activities, e.g., in terms of pro-environmental activities. It is a new issue that points to the need to stimulate the environmental objective, in particular, through support at the level of agricultural policy instruments.

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“…Producers can then determine if such projected increases in annual profit can pay for the initial capital investment in biogas digesters and if so on what time horizon. Adoption of more biogas digesters by Chinese livestock producers can increase, as these farmers attach more value to the ability to produce stable composted fertilizer, electricity, and co-generated heat that can be used for other integrated agricultural enterprises [55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Waste Recycling Optimization of Family Farms Based on Environmental Management Accounting in Rural China

Yang

2021

Sustainability

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In the process of production and operation of family farms, a large amount of agricultural waste, such as livestock and poultry manure, has not been effectively treated in time, causing serious pollution to the environment. Moreover, livestock and poultry manure are the kind of resources that can be recycled to fertilize crops, which can benefit family farms both economically and environmentally. Adoption of manure biogas digesters by family farms can improve sustainability by not only decreasing input use and resource losses, but also reducing environmental pollution. Additionally, Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) is considered to be the most representative environmental management accounting tool. MFCA can be expanded to account for and calculate environmental damages, so as to better reflect the economic and environmental sustainability of agricultural systems. According to the basic principles of material flow cost accounting and characteristics of family farms, we propose an agricultural-waste-recycling model for Chinese family farms that is based on the extended MFCA in this paper. We first investigate Chinese family farms in Hunan Province, and then optimize an agricultural-waste-recycling model by extended MFCA. Finally, based on our proposed model, we make a two-dimensional analysis on the internal resource cost and external environment damages for agricultural-waste recycling. Our analysis shows that visualization of monetization of resource losses can optimize manure recycling through better decision-making, which can increase the sustainability of family farms.

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Income or Assets—What Determines the Approach to the Environment among Farmers in A Region in Poland?

Cited by 16 publications

References 55 publications

Why do micro-businesses hesitate to “grow up”?

Why do micro-businesses hesitate to “grow up”?

The Objectives of Farm Operations—Evidence from a Region in Poland

Agricultural Waste Recycling Optimization of Family Farms Based on Environmental Management Accounting in Rural China

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