“…Gorodnichenko et al (2010) find that inequality decreased during the 2000-2005 economic recovery, probably due to falling volatility of transitory income shocks rather than characteristics such as education, location, household composition, and age. Lukiyanova and Oshchepkov (2012), however, observe that income growth in Russia was strongly pro-poor for the same recovery period 2000-2005, but the overall reduction in cross-sectional inequality was modest. Another recent study by Novokmet, Piketty, and Zucman (2018) combines different data sources to investigate the evolution of inequality of income in Russia over a longer period than ours, but for the same time period that we analyze (i.e., 1994-2015), they found the Gini slightly increasing from 0.54 to 0.55.…”