Income Inequality: New Trends and Research Directions

McCall, Leslie; Percheski, Christine

doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102541

Cited by 261 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…To aid interpretation, we compare the microlevel structure of income inequality in China with that in the United States, which serves as a reference in this study because its inequality structure has been well studied (12). We pair CFPS 2010 with the March supplement of the Current Population Survey in 2010 (March CPS 2010).…”

Section: Why Is Income Inequality So High In China?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this goal in mind, we adopt a different research strategy and compare today's China not with its own past but with another large, important, and well-studied country with a high level of economic inequality-the United States. In the last 20 y, the United States has also experienced increasing economic inequality (12), but the increase in the United States has been much smaller than that in China. In this paper, we focus on two nationally representative surveys in 2010 and compare five determinants of income inequality between China and the United States.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Income inequality in today’s China

Xie

Zhou

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

690

423

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Significance We document a rapid increase in income inequality in China’s recent past, capitalizing on newly available survey data collected by several Chinese university survey organizations. By now, China’s income inequality not only surpasses that of the United States by a large margin but also ranks among the highest in the world, especially in comparison with countries with comparable or higher standards of living. We argue that China’s current high income inequality is significantly driven by structural factors attributable to the Chinese political system, the main structural determinants being the rural-urban divide and the regional variation in economic well-being.

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Section: Why Is Income Inequality So High In China?mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Income inequality in today’s China

Xie

Zhou

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

690

423

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“…Since the mid-1970s, economic inequality has risen in the United States: earnings, wages, individual incomes and household incomes have become increasingly unequal (Gottschalk 1997;Western, Bloome and Percheski 2008;McCall and Percheski 2010). According to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO 2011(CBO ), between 1979 and 2007 inequality in disposable household income-that is, income after taxes had been deducted and government transfers, such as Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and food stamps had been included-increased by 25 per cent.…”

Section: Education and Income Inequality In The Unites Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income Inequality and Education

Breen¹,

Chung²

2015

SocScience

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Many commentators have seen the growing gap in earnings and income between those with a college education and those without as a major cause of increasing inequality in the United States and elsewhere. In this article we investigate the extent to which increasing the educational attainment of the US population might ameliorate inequality. We use data from NLSY79 and carry out a three-level decomposition of total inequality into within-person, between-person and betweeneducation parts. We find that the between-education contribution to inequality is small, even when we consider only adjusted inequality that omits the within-person component. We carry out a number of simulations to gauge the likely impact on inequality of changes in the distribution of education and of a narrowing of the differences in average incomes between those with different levels of education. We find that any feasible educational policy is likely to have only a minor impact on income inequality.

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“…Intersectoral action has the potential to make structural changes to social policy that may reduce social inequalities in general. 29,30 Despite the focus on highly unequal conditions with a high prevalence in the population, users of the analytic approach should pay special attention to those conditions with a degree of inequality based on an area-level concentration coefficient of greater than 0.5, regardless of prevalence. These extremely unequal outcomes may not respond well to population-level interventions and will likely require interventions based on the notion of vulnerable populations.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analytic approach for describing and prioritizing health inequalities at the local level in Canada: a descriptive study

et al. 2015

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Background:We present the health inequalities analytic approach used by the Saskatoon Health Region to examine health equity. Our aim was to develop a method that will enable health regions to prioritize action on health inequalities. Methods:Data from admissions to hospital, physician billing, reportable diseases, vital statistics and childhood immunizations in the city of Saskatoon were analyzed for the years ranging from 1995 to 2011. Data were aggregated to the dissemination area level. The Pampalon deprivation index was used as the measure of socioeconomic status. We calculated annual rates per 1000 people for each outcome. Rate ratios, rate differences, area-level concentration curves and area-level concentration coefficients quantified inequality. An Inequalities Prioritization Matrix was developed to prioritize action for the outcomes showing the greatest inequality. The outcomes measured were cancer, intentional self-harm, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mental illness, heart disease, diabetes, injury, stroke, chlamydia, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, hepatitis C, high birth weight, low birth weight, teen abortion, teen pregnancy, infant mortality and all-cause mortality.Results: According to the Inequalities Prioritization Matrix, injuries and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the first and second priorities, respectively, that needed to be addressed related to inequalities in admissions to hospital. For physician billing, mental disorders and diabetes were high-priority areas. Differences in teen pregnancy and all-cause mortality were the most unequal in the vital statistics data. For communicable diseases, hepatitis C was the highest priority.Interpretation: Our findings show that health inequalities exist at the local level and that a method can be developed to prioritize action on these inequalities. Policies should consider health inequalities and adopt population-based and targeted actions to reduce inequalities. AbstractResearch CMAJ OPEN CMAJ OPEN, 3(4) E367

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Income Inequality: New Trends and Research Directions

Cited by 261 publications

References 107 publications

Income inequality in today’s China

Income inequality in today’s China

Income Inequality and Education

An analytic approach for describing and prioritizing health inequalities at the local level in Canada: a descriptive study

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