“…Despite the widespread usage, the HDI has come under criticism relating to many points, including neglecting inequality and environmental measures, methodological flaws, for failing to portray within-country variability, for the seemingly arbitrary choice of indices and for being overly simplistic and idealised (Hou, Walsh, & Zhang, 2015;Ivanova, 1994;Sagar & Najam, 1998;Stewart, Ranis, & Samman, 2006). Despite these criticisms, it still provides a useful yardstick by which to gauge the human development of a country relative to others, even though within-country variability is not accounted for (e.g., intra-country inequity in income, living standards, health, etc., e.g., Adam, Kammas, & Lapatinas, 2015;Blum, 2013).…”