Income inequality and CO2 emissions in belt and road initiative countries: the role of democracy

You, Wanhai; Li, Yehua; Guo, Peng; Guo, Yawei

doi:10.1007/s11356-019-07242-z

Cited by 57 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…They found that rising income inequality increases carbon emissions in the short term and decreases them in the long term. Using panel data and spatial panel models covering 41 B&R (Belt and Road Initiative) countries, You et al [7] found that the level of democracy affects the nonlinear relationship between income inequality and CO 2 emissions. More precisely, the interaction of high inequality and poor democratic institutions increases pollution emissions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that there may be a threshold effect on the impact of income inequality on the environment: when a certain factor is at different levels, the impact of income inequality on the environment is different. Eriksson and Persson [6] and You et al [7] show that the impact of income inequality on environmental pollution depends on the level of democracy. However, their research is applicable to cross-country studies rather than studies within a country, because in a country such as China, there is no significant difference in the level of democracy between different provinces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Does Income Inequality Influence Environmental Regulation in the Context of Corruption? A Panel Threshold Analysis Based on Chinese Provincial Data

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The question of how the income inequality of residents affects the level of environmental regulation in the context of official corruption was the core research issue of this study. We analyzed this problem using the panel threshold regression model from 26 provinces in China from 1995 to 2017. We found that when there is no official corruption, the widening of the residents’ income inequality promotes stricter environmental regulations; when the corruption problem is serious, the expansion of the residents’ income inequality leads to the decline in environmental standards; that is, the impact of residents’ income inequality on environmental regulation has a threshold effect due to corruption. In addition, the threshold effect due to corruption of all residents’ income inequality on environmental regulation is mainly generated by the urban residents’ income inequality and the urban–rural income inequality. This paper contributes to the literature that concentrates on the relationship between income inequality and environmental regulation, and shows that corruption is a key factor that can deeply influence that relationship. The research conclusion shows that increasing anti-corruption efforts can not only maintain national political stability, social fairness, and justice, but also be a powerful measure for environmental pollution governance.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does Income Inequality Influence Environmental Regulation in the Context of Corruption? A Panel Threshold Analysis Based on Chinese Provincial Data

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…As to the studies in the first strand, Magnani (2000) finds that the rising income gap reduces environmental care for the 19 OECD countries over the period between 1980 and 1991. Padilla & Serrano (2006) degradation is robust even if alternative indicators as a proxy for income inequality (Coondoo & Dinda, 2008;Hailemariam et al, 2020;Kashwan, 2017;Magnani, 2000) or different estimators (Chen et al, 2020;Uddin et al, 2020;You et al, 2020;Zhu et al, 2018) have been used. Baek & Gweisah (2013) and Uzar & Eyuboglu (2019) confirm the positive impact of the Gini index on CO2 emission at the single country level, i.e., for the USA and Turkey, by using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subscripts and denote country and time period, respectively. In order to control the potential impact of other variables on sectoral , we added two control variables ( ) and ( ) to our model specification: globalization (Inglesi-Lotz, 2019;Ulucak et al, 2020) and urbanization (Amin et al, 2020;You et al, 2020). 5…”

Section: Model Specificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Income Inequality on Environmental Quality: A Sectoral-Level Analysis

Alataş

Akin

2021

Preprint

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There is a growing literature on the relationship between income inequality and emissions. However, these studies ignore the sectoral level differences in carbon emissions. We argue that the environmental effect of inequality might vary at the sectoral level. Our main purpose is to contribute to this growing literature on the inequality-emissions nexus by considering sectoral-level differences. For that purpose, we focus on five different sectors: power industry, buildings, transport, other industrial combustion, and other sectors. To specify our model, we augment the environmental Kuznets curve framework with income inequality by controlling the effect of globalization and urbanization. Our country sample consists of 28 OECD economies for the period between 1990 and 2018. Methodologically, we apply the second-generation panel unit root, cointegration tests, and estimators, which produce robust results against the cross-sectional dependence. Our findings reveal that not only income but also income inequality is a crucial factor in explaining changes in sectoral emissions. While rising income inequality increases carbon emissions from the power and building sectors, this finding turns out to be negative for the transport, other industrial combustion, and other sectors. Our results suggest that policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions should be designed at the sectoral level.

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“…Baek and Gweisah [37] point out that income equality can result in better environmental quality in the short-and long -run by analyzing relevant data from the United States. You et al [38] argue that high levels of inequality, ceteris paribus, in conjunction with poor democratic institutions are likely to result in higher pollution. The second view is that the widening income gap is conducive to improving environmental quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

City Size, Urban-Rural Income Gap and Environmental Pollution: Empirical Evidence from 283 Cities in China

Wang¹,

Chai²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Using the balanced panel data of 283 cities at the level of municipality or above in China from 2014 to 2017, this study adopts the system generalized method of moments (SGMM) and panel threshold model to study the relationship among city size, urban-rural income gap and environmental pollution. The conclusions are as follows: (1) There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between city size and environmental pollution; (2) Urban-rural income gap can significantly aggravate environmental pollution; (3) Urban-rural income gap has a regulatory effect on the relationship between city size and environmental pollution. When the urban-rural income gap crosses the threshold, the intensity of environmental pollution caused by city size changes. Therefore, optimizing the city size and narrowing the urban-rural income gap will reduce urban environmental pollution.

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Income inequality and CO2 emissions in belt and road initiative countries: the role of democracy

Cited by 57 publications

References 90 publications

How Does Income Inequality Influence Environmental Regulation in the Context of Corruption? A Panel Threshold Analysis Based on Chinese Provincial Data

How Does Income Inequality Influence Environmental Regulation in the Context of Corruption? A Panel Threshold Analysis Based on Chinese Provincial Data

The Impact of Income Inequality on Environmental Quality: A Sectoral-Level Analysis

City Size, Urban-Rural Income Gap and Environmental Pollution: Empirical Evidence from 283 Cities in China

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