Income and social support related with mental health during COVID-19 outbreak in China

Huang, Chen‐Wei; Feng, Qiyun; Zhang, Borui; Ren, Huiguang; Liu, Zihao; Kang, Yuwei; Zhang, Fan

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000029022

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The moderating effect of educational background and income may be due to the fact that individuals with superior educational backgrounds generally have higher levels of awareness of measures related to pandemic prevention and control ( Bazaid et al, 2020 ; Li and Liu, 2020 ; Li et al, 2021 ), which can prevent the blind buying and hoarding behaviors caused by anxiety, pressure and other emotional factors. High income can greatly reduce the impact of the pandemic on daily life, allowing individuals to maintain a high level of quality of life without anxiety that can promote an increase in hoarding behavior ( Xiong et al, 2020 ; Huang et al, 2022 ). It is worth noting that compared with the student sample, educational background and income in the nonstudent sample have lesser moderating effects on the depression, anxiety and stress resulting from fear of COVID-19 and greater moderating effects on the excessive acquisition behavior and clutter behavior caused by depression, anxiety and stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between fear of COVID-19 and hoarding behavior during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of mental health status

Zhao

Yu²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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Hoarding behavior can effectively improve people's ability to resist risks, so as to reduce the negative effects of risks. However, excessive hoarding behavior will seriously reduce people's quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic can cause excessive hoarding in a large number of people in a short period of time, and also cause a series of economic problems such as social material shortage. It is unclear how hoarding levels are linked to fear and negative emotions caused by COVID-19 among people of different educational backgrounds and social status. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and hoarding behavior in different populations in school and social contexts, as well as the mediating role of negative emotions and the moderating role of subjective/objective social status and education level in this process. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in various provinces in China in January 2022. Demographic information, the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status, the Fear of COVID-19 scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress-21, and the Saving Inventory-Revised were used to evaluate the severity of individual hoarding symptoms, the frequency of hoarding, the degree of fear, and the negative emotions (depression, anxiety, stress) caused by COVID-19. Research data showed that fear of COVID-19 was significantly correlated with hoarding behavior (p < 0.05). Fear of COVID-19 was significantly lower in the student sample than in the nonstudent sample (p < 0.05). Negative emotions played a mediating role in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and hoarding behavior (p < 0.05). Educational and economic levels moderated this process, but social status did not. Compared with the student sample, educational background and income had less of a moderating effect on the depression, anxiety, and stress caused by fear of COVID-19 in the nonstudent sample. However, these factors had a more regulative effect on the clutter and excessive acquisition behavior caused by depression, anxiety, and stress, although not on difficulty discarding. These findings suggest that reduce negative emotions in the population, improve cognitive levels, and provide financial support from governments may be effective ways to reduce hoarding symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between fear of COVID-19 and hoarding behavior during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of mental health status

Zhao

Yu²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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“…In the general population, affective disorder symptoms increased slightly in the early phase of the pandemic and returned to prepandemic levels by mid-2020, whereas their levels showed a higher increase among individuals with suboptimal physical health conditions [27]. Although fewer studies have investigated well-being and positive mental health [27], recurrent evidence has been obtained regarding the protective role of social support and resilience during the pandemic [28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: The Impact Of the Covid-19 Pandemic On Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial resources and psychopathology among persons with neuromuscular disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic

Sanzo’,

Tizzoni,

Previtali

et al. 2024

BMC Psychol

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic substantially affected the lives of persons with inherited neuromuscular disorders (INMD), causing disruption in clinical and support services. While several studies have investigated mental health, distress and psychosocial resources in the general population during the pandemic, little is known about the experience of persons with INMD. Methods This study was aimed to fill this gap by jointly investigating both psychopathological symptoms and psychosocial resources – specifically, resilience and perceived social support – among persons with INMD during the pandemic, taking into account demographic and clinical factors. Between April and December 2020, 59 participants with INMD (aged 15–59, 71.2% M) completed a questionnaire collecting demographic and clinical data, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Resilience Scale for Adults, and the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment. Results Overall, participants showed good levels of resilience and perceived social support. A minority of participants reported clinically relevant psychopathological symptoms, 28.81% for anxiety and depression. Most psychopathological symptoms were negatively correlated with resilience (-0.347 < r < − .420), but not significantly associated with social support. Consistent with previous studies, regression analyses highlighted that participants with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were more prone to report anxious and depressive symptoms (B = 1.748, p = .028, OR = 5.744), and participants with myotonic dystrophy, attention problems (B = 2.339, p = .006, OR = 10.376). Resilience emerged as a potential predictor of lower anxious-depressive symptoms (B=-1.264, p = .012, OR = 0.283). Conclusions The findings suggest the importance to investigate psychosocial resources in addition to psychopathology among persons with INMD, and to design interventions supporting resilience as a protective factor for mental health promotion.

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“…CTC also helped households save for emergencies, pay off debt [30], and work additional hours outside the home [32]. During the prevention and control of COVID-19, social support could help reduce a variety of symptoms of mental illnesses [42]. Additionally, a greater amount of debts were associated with a higher level of stress and, in turn, worse mental health [43].…”

Section: Diverse Spending Patterns Of the Child Tax Creditmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Tax Credit, Spending Patterns, and Mental Health: Mediation Analyses of Data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey during COVID-19

Park

Kim

2023

IJERPH

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This study examined the relationship between the receipt of COVID-19 child tax credit and adult mental health problems in the United States, and we explored whether and the extent to which a wide range of spending patterns of the credit—15 patterns regarding basic necessities, child education, and household expenditure—mediated the relationship. We used COVID-19-specialized data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey, a representative population sample (N = 98,026) of adult respondents (18 and older) who participated between 21 July 2021 and 11 July 2022. By conducting mediation analyses with logistic regression, we found relationships between the credit and lower levels of anxiety (odds ratio [OR] = 0.914; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.879, 0.952). The OR was substantially mediated by spending on basic necessities such as food and housing costs (proportion mediated = 46% and 44%, respectively). The mediating role was relatively moderate in the case of spending on child education and household expenditure. We also found that spending the credit on savings or investments reduces the effect of the child tax credit on anxiety (−40%) while donations or giving to family were not a significant mediator. Findings on depression were consistent with anxiety. The child tax credit–depression relationships were substantially mediated by spending on food and housing (proportion mediated = 53% and 70%). These mediation analyses suggested that different patterns of credit spending are important mediators of the relationship between the receipt of the child tax credit and mental illnesses. Public health approaches to improve adult mental health during and after the COVID-19 pandemic need to consider the notable mediating role of spending patterns.

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Income and social support related with mental health during COVID-19 outbreak in China

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Association between fear of COVID-19 and hoarding behavior during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of mental health status

Association between fear of COVID-19 and hoarding behavior during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of mental health status

Psychosocial resources and psychopathology among persons with neuromuscular disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic

Child Tax Credit, Spending Patterns, and Mental Health: Mediation Analyses of Data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey during COVID-19

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