Income and employment effects of micro‐credit programmes: Village‐level evidence from Bangladesh

Depleted communities and community business entrepreneurship: revaluing space through place

“…In part, the challenges currently facing the Grameen are attributable to a major natural disaster (flooding in 1998) and the rise of competitors. In spite of these setbacks recent research shows that the Grameen experiment has had a more positive impact on communities than its micro-credit competitors (Khandker et al 1998).…”

The role of Islamic microfinance in poverty alleviation and environmental awareness in Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia

“…According to Khandker (2005), along with improving the local economy, MFIs affected the household consumption of both MFI clients and non-clients. An attempt to quantify the impact of the most important credit programs of Grameen Bank, Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), and Bangladesh Rural Development Board's (BRDB) RD-12 project in Bangladesh by Khandker, Samad, and Khan (1998) revealed that the programs positively impacted the income, production, and employment of workers in rural non-farm sectors. Meanwhile, in Pakistan, Montgomery and Weiss (2011) found evidence of microfinance's effect in reducing poverty, empowering women, and improving children's health, as well as its contribution to the UN's millennium development goal of halving the world's poverty rate by 2015.…”

“…Grameen Bank, a conventional MFI, uses a group lending mechanism as an approach to minimize the possibility of asymmetric information, with clients signing financial transactions as a group (Stiglitz 1990). Khandker, Samad, and Khan (1998) quantified the village-level impact of three financial institutions, namely Grameen Bank, Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRACC), and Bangladesh Rural Development Board's (BRDB) RD-12. Their findings revealed the positive impacts of these institutions on income, production, and employment.…”

Microfinance impact on women’s decision making: a case study of Andhra Pradesh

“…The improvements had been mainly achieved due to the increased level of self-employment of women participants. In Bangladesh, (Khandker et al, 1998) find that program participation has positive impacts on household income, production, and employment, particularly in the rural non-farm sector and that the growth in self-employment was achieved at the expense of wage employment which implies an increase in rural wages. Similarly, (Borbora and Mahanta, 2001) examined the role of microcredit in the generation of income for the poor and assessed the role of SHGs in promoting the savings habit among them.…”