‘Inclusive’ design for containers: improving openability

Langley, Joe; Janson, R.; Wearn, J.; Yoxall, Alaster

doi:10.1002/pts.699

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…According to the results, in most cases, men show slightly higher peel forces than women. This is in accordance with other research [29][30] which mentioned that human strength capability of opening packages depends on age. Rowson and Yoxall [30] also reported that typically, women chose a grip that maximized their opportunity of opening the closure and that this grip choice was more limited than that available for men.…”

Section: Fig 6-peel Force and Elongation At Break Of Machine And Humsupporting

confidence: 93%

Seal Strength Evaluation of Flexible Plastic Films by Machine Testing and Human Peeling

Nilmanee

Jinkarn

Jarupan

et al. 2018

Journal of Testing and Evaluation

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ABSTRACT:The seal strength of flexible packaging indicates both functional performance and the ease of opening. This research aims to compare the seal peeling mechanisms evaluated by human participants and standard machine tests. The tests were conducted on flexible films used for typical packaging applications, LDPE, LLDPE and Nylon/LLDPE. Human peeling was simulated through the use of novel force measurement equipment. The results showed that the maximum machine peel force set by standard test methods was generally lower than the human peel force for most sealing temperatures. In all film types no significant difference was shown between genders although for people over 65 years peel force was generally lower than for the younger cohort. The results also indicated that peeling speed of human participants was normally higher than the peeling speed set according to the machine test standard.

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Section: Fig 6-peel Force and Elongation At Break Of Machine And Humsupporting

confidence: 93%

Seal Strength Evaluation of Flexible Plastic Films by Machine Testing and Human Peeling

Nilmanee

Jinkarn

Jarupan

et al. 2018

Journal of Testing and Evaluation

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“…Many previous studies of human strength have been performed by various groups. However, as noted in work on determining design limits for consumer packaging, 4 these studies did not properly replicate the opening process and, therefore, the results cannot be used for packaging design with great certainty.…”

Section: Research Drivers and Aimsmentioning

confidence: 84%

How wide do you want the jar?: the effect on diameter for ease of opening for wide‐mouth closures

et al. 2009

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SUMMARYThe ease with which a container can be accessed or its 'openability' is becoming more of an issue for manufacturers and consumers as the average age of the population increases. Ageing brings with it a range of issues including a loss of strength and reduced dexterity. This paper aimed to look at the relationship between diameter, torque and age for standard consumer closures using a torque-measuring device.The results of the investigation show that larger-diameter jars (85 mm) require much higher opening forces than smaller ones (75 mm and below). Smaller jars require lower opening torques, although the force required to open many jars is still higher than many elderly people are able to generate.

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“…3 Langley et al defined 'Openability' as easy for consumers to access a product and considered it a crucial factor for packaging industry. 4,5 In another study, Yoxall et al used the uncertainty analysis to show the influence of parameters on opening torque. 6 Hence the 'peak' removal torque of a cap and bottle assembly is critical because it indicates both sealing performance and ease of opening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Computation of the maximum torque of a cap liner using a power‐law friction and finite element analysis

2010

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In the 'filled closed' containers, the cap removal torque and the sealing of the contents are two crucial criteria in the closing quality, and the consumer perceives these two parameters as constituting a guarantee of packaging integrity. This work looks at the experimental study and the finite element analysis of the maximum torque of a metal cap with a liner over a glass bottle. For studying parameters influencing the cap removal torque (twist-off torque), several experiments and simulations were conducted in order to evaluate the maximum torque of a loose crown cap. A test bench was built to measure the torque required to slide a cap liner on the top of a glass bottle, and the result of the experiment is compared with the predicted torque given by an axisymmetric finite element (FE) analysis. Since the behaviour of the cap liner is hyperelastic, compression and friction tests were conducted to evaluate the elastic properties and the non-linear static friction behaviour of the elastomer seal. Contact regions, material non-linear elasticity for the liner and large displacement options are included in the FE model in order to describe the evolution of the contact area and the distribution of contact pressure as a function of the applied force. The predicted maximum torque is then calculated by a numerical integration scheme over the contact surface, using an experimental coefficient of static friction as a function of the normal pressure. The predicted torque shows good agreement with that measured through experiments, thereby making it possible to understand the influence of the liner on the cap removal torque of a glass bottle.

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‘Inclusive’ design for containers: improving openability

Cited by 37 publications

References 1 publication

Seal Strength Evaluation of Flexible Plastic Films by Machine Testing and Human Peeling

Seal Strength Evaluation of Flexible Plastic Films by Machine Testing and Human Peeling

How wide do you want the jar?: the effect on diameter for ease of opening for wide‐mouth closures

Computation of the maximum torque of a cap liner using a power‐law friction and finite element analysis

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