Inclusions, Stress Concentrations and Surface Condition in Bending Fatigue of an H13 Tool Steel

Medvedeva, Anna; Bergström, Jens; Gunnarsson, Staffan

doi:10.1002/srin.200806141

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…1,2) Large-size second-phase particles, such as oxide inclusion, sulfide inclusion, and primary carbide, act as the initial sites for the crack development in the alloy matrix. [3][4][5][6][7] Furthermore, the above harsh environment greatly promotes crack growth. The medium-carbon H13 (4Cr5MoSiV1) die steel, which combines good hardenability, high-temperature hardness, and toughness, is now widely used as a raw material for producing hot-working dies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerium Addition Effect on Modification of Inclusions, Primary Carbides and Microstructure Refinement of H13 Die Steel

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

ISIJ Int.

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A comprehensive study of the Ce addition effect on microstructure, inclusions, and primary carbides in H13 steel was carried out. 3D morphology of inclusions and primary carbides was assessed by the non-aqueous electrolytic method. The addition of 0.0038 mass% Ce had no obvious refinement effect on dendritic structures in H13 steel. With Ce content increase from 0.0038 to 0.019 mass%, dendritic structures of H13 steel were refined. Al 2 O 3 and MnS inclusions in original H13 steel promoted heterogeneous nucleation of primary carbides. Al content increased, and S content decreased with increasing Ce content. When the latter was increased from 0.0038 to 0.019 mass%, the original inclusions were modified first to Al 11 O 18 Ce and CeAlO 3 , then to Ce 2 O 3, and, finally, to Ce 2 O 2 S. Numerous small-sized Ce 2 O 2 S inclusions were found in steel with 0.019 mass% Ce, which promoted nucleation of γ -Fe during solidification and contributed to the refinement of as-cast dendritic microstructures of H13 steel. Besides, Ce 2 O 2 S inclusions suppressed heterogeneous nucleation of primary carbides. The size of primary carbides decreased, and their morphology became less developed due to the finer microstructure hindering their growth. Finally, banded structures in forged Ce-bearing H13 steel were improved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerium Addition Effect on Modification of Inclusions, Primary Carbides and Microstructure Refinement of H13 Die Steel

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

ISIJ Int.

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“…AISI H13 steel is a medium carbon steel with 0.4 wt% carbon, that is, widely used for forging, die casting, and hot extrusion. Such inclusions would serve as the origin of microcracks and eventually cause fatigue fracture of H13 steel, especially hard, irregular, and undeformable MgO · Al 2 O 3 inclusion and large‐size carbonitrides . Consequently, the miniaturization and softening of inclusions in H13 steel can effectively improve its antifatigue performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cerium on the Behavior of Inclusions in H13 Steel

Huang

Cheng

et al. 2018

steel research int.

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The modification mechanism of cerium (Ce) on oxides and multilayer carbontrides in H13 steel is investigated by industrial trials and thermodynamic calculations. The morphology, composition, and size of inclusions are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The main inclusions in H13 steel without Ce content in the molten steel are MgAl2O4 spinel inclusions and multilayer carbonitrides. The carbonitrides have a multilayer structure in which MgAl2O4 acts as the nucleation core and the second layer is (Ti, V)(C, N). As the cerium content in molten steel increases from 0 to 0.03 wt%, the MgAl2O4 is effectively modified into cerium oxide (Ce–O) and cerium oxy‐sulfide (Ce–O–S), and the evolutionary process is as follows: MgAl2O4 → CeAlO3 → Ce–O and Ce–O–S. Likewise, the structure of multilayer carbonitrides in the H13 steel also changed. The MgAl2O4 and CeAlO3 act as heterogeneous nucleation cores of multilayer carbonitrides. However, Ce–O and Ce–O–S can effectively inhibit the heterogeneous nucleation of carbonitrides. The number density of large‐size carbontrides is remarkably reduced with increasing Ce content. A prediction model of optimum Ce content in molten steel is built, which has remarkable agreement with the experimental observations.

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“…It is well‐known that inclusions are important factors affecting the quality of steel. Non‐metallic inclusions have a strong effect on mechanical properties, especially on impact toughness and fatigue strength . Therefore, the control of inclusions in steel and the removal of impurity elements such as O and S are always hot issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rare Earth–Magnesium Alloy on Inclusion Evolution in Industrial Production of Die Steel

Xing

Geng

Chen

et al. 2019

steel research int.

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Rare earth metals and magnesium are important purifying elements in steel. However, most scholars mainly focused on the cleanliness of molten steel by adding single rare earth or adding single magnesium. There are few reports on the simultaneous addition of rare earth and magnesium metals to steel. In this paper, rare earth-magnesium alloy is added to a hot work die steel in industrial production. Combined with thermodynamic calculation, the effect of rare earth-magnesium alloy on the evolution of inclusions was studied. The results show that composite inclusions of Ce 2 O 2 S and CeS attached or wrapped by MgO are formed after adding rare earth-magnesium alloy. With the help of low-density MgO, the composite inclusions containing highdensity Ce inclusions are promoted to float up. Thermodynamic calculation indicates that the addition of magnesium changes the formation tendency of rare earth inclusions. With the increase of magnesium content in steel, the stability area of Ce inclusions will move from the Ce 2 O 2 S stability area slightly close to the Ce 2 O 3 stability area to the direction of the CeS stability area, which will improve further the desulfurization ability. The thermodynamic analysis is in good agreement with the test results.

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Inclusions, Stress Concentrations and Surface Condition in Bending Fatigue of an H13 Tool Steel

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Cerium Addition Effect on Modification of Inclusions, Primary Carbides and Microstructure Refinement of H13 Die Steel

Cerium Addition Effect on Modification of Inclusions, Primary Carbides and Microstructure Refinement of H13 Die Steel

Effect of Cerium on the Behavior of Inclusions in H13 Steel

Effect of Rare Earth–Magnesium Alloy on Inclusion Evolution in Industrial Production of Die Steel

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