Inclusionary Discrimination: Pigmentocracy and Patriotism in the Dominican Republic

Abstract

This study explored the nature of racial hierarchy and the connection between racial identity and Dominican patriotism using a questionnaire given to an in situ sample in the Dominican Republic. The analyses compared the contradictory expectations of the "racial democracy" (or "Iberian exceptionalism") thesis and social dominance theory. Results showed that despite the very high level of racial intermarriage in the Dominican Republic, there was strong evidence of a "pigmentocracy," or group-based social hierarchy based largely on skin color. Furthermore, despite a slight tendency for people to give slightly higher status ratings to their own "racial" category than were given to them by members of other "racial" categories, this pigmentocracy was highly consensual across the racial hierarchy. These results were consistent with the expectations of social dominance theory. However, in contrast to similar analyses in the United States and Israel, these Dominican findings showed no evidence that members of different "racial" categories had different levels of patriotic attachment to the nation. Also in contrast to recent American findings, there was no evidence that Dominican patriotism was positively associated with anti-black racism, social dominance orientation, negative affect toward other racial groups, or ethnocentrism, regardless of the "racial" category one belonged to. These latter results were consistent with the racial democracy thesis. The theoretical implications of these somewhat conflicting findings are discussed.A casual glance around the world cannot but impress one with the spectacle of continuous and ferocious interethnic and inter-"racial" conflict in the postcommunist era. Despite strenuous, at times even brutal, efforts at ethnic and "racial" assimilation (e.g., Kinnane-Roelofsma, 1998), it seems clear that ethnicity and "race" remain highly salient social identities that show no sign of being given up any time soon. Given this reality, one of the important issues then becomes trying to understand how these various ethnic and "racial" subidentities can be

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Evidence for hypodescent and racial hierarchy in the categorization and perception of biracial individuals.

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Exit over Voice in Dominican Ethnoracial Politics

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