Inclusion of supplemental antibiotics (amikacin – penicillin) in a commercial extender for stallion semen: Effects on sperm quality, bacterial growth, and fertility following cooled storage

Hernández‐Avilés, Camilo; Love, Charles C.; Serafini, R.; Ramírez‐Agámez, Luisa; Kelley, Dale E.; Andino, Elena Martínez de; Teague, S.R.; LaCaze, K.A.; Brinsko, Steven P.; Varner, D.D.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.018

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some studies suggest that potassium crystalline penicillin is more effective than sodium penicillin (Varner et al, 1998). In studies investigating safety for semen quality preservation, concentrations of potassium penicillin up to 3000 IU/ml did not alter sperm motility parameters during cooled storage (Hernandez-Aviles et al, 2020;Varner et al, 1998). Aminoglycosides like amikacin penetrate the bacterial cytoplasm, bind to the 30 ribosomal subunit and fatally interfere with several mechanisms in the bacterial mRNA translation process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For international trade, use of different antibiotics mixtures for frozen equine semen require validation of their bioequivalency in bactericidal activity to that of any currently approved mixtures approved for use (USDA‐APHIS, 2021). Penicillin and amikacin have been the subject of more extensive research in stallions, but most studies have investigated this antibiotics mixture when used for processing cooled semen (Arriola & Foote, 1982; Hernandez‐Aviles et al, 2018; Hernandez‐Aviles et al, 2020; Jasko et al, 1993; Varner et al, 1998). Antibiotic efficacy data in equine frozen semen are limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Penicillin and amikacin mixture has bactericidal activity equivalent to gentamicin, tylosin, lincomycin and spectinomycin mixture in equine frozen semen

Brito

Loomis²,

Klohonatz³

et al. 2022

Reprod Domestic Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neat stallion semen can contain a variety of microorganisms, some of which may impair sperm quality and/or cause infection of the mares' reproductive tract. For this reason, antibiotics are commonly added to semen extenders. A combination of gentamicin, tylosin, lincomycin and spectinomycin (GTLS) has been recommended for use, but there are no reports on the use of this mixture in equine semen extender.Penicillin and amikacin (PA) are safe for preserving sperm quality while effectively controlling bacterial growth in equine cooled stored semen, but data on frozen semen are scarce. Therefore, a bioequivalence study was performed to assess the bactericidal activity of GTLS and PA in equine frozen semen. Nine mature, healthy stallions were used in the study. Split ejaculates were processed using media without antibiotics (Control) or with different antibiotics. For the GTLS group, centrifugation medium and freezing extender were prepared with gentamicin 250 μg/ml, tylosin 50 μg/ml, lincomycin 150 μg/ml and spectinomycin 300 μg/ml. For the PA group, the centrifugation medium was prepared with potassium penicillin G (PPG) 1200 units/ ml and the freezing extender was prepared with PPG 1200 units/ml and amikacin 500 μg/ml. Semen processed in extenders without antibiotics had higher (p < .005) bacterial loads throughout all cryopreservation processing steps than semen samples processed using antibiotics. There were no differences in semen bacterial load after centrifugation, 15 and 30 min after final extension, and after thawing between GTLS and PA groups, but PA had faster (p < .05) kill-time kinetics than GTLS. Only minor differences in sperm kinetic parameters were observed among groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrated bioequivalence between GTLS and PA in mitigating endpoint bacterial loads. Prudent concentrations of the antibiotic mixtures evaluated in this study can be considered both effective and sperm-safe for equine frozen semen.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penicillin and amikacin mixture has bactericidal activity equivalent to gentamicin, tylosin, lincomycin and spectinomycin mixture in equine frozen semen

Brito

Loomis²,

Klohonatz³

et al. 2022

Reprod Domestic Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These authors concluded that the presence of gentamicin could affect sperm function during cooled storage [67] Llincomycin and spectinomycin Sperm DNA fragmentation index was greater in the samples containing these antibiotics than in those without. Sperm motility, membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential were not different between semen samples with and without lincomycin and spectinomycin [64] Potassium penicillin G-amikacin disulfate, ticarcillin disodium-potassium clavulanate, piperacillin sodium/tazobactam sodium, or meropenem Slight differences were detected for sperm motility and kinematics and in chromatin integrity when various antibiotic combinations were used [68] Adding amikacin sulfate and potassium penicillin G to INRA-96 ® extender (already contains penicillin, gentamicin and amphoteracin-B)…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Equine Reproduction

Malaluang

Wilén

Lindahl

et al. 2021

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics following low-level “background” exposure to antimicrobial agents as well as from exposure at therapeutic levels during treatment for bacterial infections. In this review, we look specifically at antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the equine reproductive tract and its possible origin, focusing particularly on antibiotics in semen extenders used in preparing semen doses for artificial insemination. Our review of the literature indicated that AMR in the equine uterus and vagina were reported worldwide in the last 20 years, in locations as diverse as Europe, India, and the United States. Bacteria colonizing the mucosa of the reproductive tract are transferred to semen during collection; further contamination of the semen may occur during processing, despite strict attention to hygiene at critical control points. These bacteria compete with spermatozoa for nutrients in the semen extender, producing metabolic byproducts and toxins that have a detrimental effect on sperm quality. Potential pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa may occasionally cause fertility issues in inseminated mares. Antibiotics are added during semen processing, according to legislation, to impede the growth of these microorganisms but may have a detrimental effect on sperm quality, depending on the antimicrobial agent and concentration used. However, this addition of antibiotics is counter to current recommendations on the prudent use of antibiotics, which recommend that antibiotics should be used only for therapeutic purposes and after establishing bacterial sensitivity. There is some evidence of resistance among bacteria found in semen samples. Potential alternatives to the addition of antibiotics are considered, especially physical removal separation of spermatozoa from bacteria. Suggestions for further research with colloid centrifugation are provided.

show abstract

“…can be safely added to semen extenders to control the growth of bacteria contaminating ejaculated mammalian semen without affecting sperm quality (motility, acrosomal, plasma membrane integrity, etc. ), but may contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance [ 29 , 30 ]. However, the influences of antibiotics on human sperm proteome upon oral during infection have not been well studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Landscape of Human Spermatozoa: Optimized Extraction Method and Application

Luo

Wang

et al. 2022

Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human spermatozoa proteomics exposed to some physical, biological or chemical stressors is being explored. However, there is a lack of optimized sample preparation methods to achieve in-depth protein coverage for sperm cells. Meanwhile, it is not clear whether antibiotics can regulate proteins to affect sperm quality. Here, we systematically compared a total of six different protein extraction methods based the combination of three commonly used lysis buffers and physical lysis strategies. The urea buffer combined with ultrasonication (UA-ultrasonication) produced the highest protein extraction rate, leading to the deepest coverage of human sperm proteome (5685 protein groups) from healthy human sperm samples. Since the antibiotics, amoxicillin and clarithromycin, have been widely used against H. pylori infection, we conduct a longitudinal study of sperm proteome via data-independent acquisition tandem mass spectrometry (DIA-MS/MS) on an infected patient during on and off therapy with these two drugs. The semen examination and morphological analysis were performed combined with proteomics analysis. Our results indicated that antibiotics may cause an increase in the sperm concentration and the rate of malformed sperm and disrupt proteome expression in sperm. This work provides an optimized extraction method to characterize the in-depth human sperm proteome and to extend its clinical applications.

show abstract

Inclusion of supplemental antibiotics (amikacin – penicillin) in a commercial extender for stallion semen: Effects on sperm quality, bacterial growth, and fertility following cooled storage

Cited by 6 publications

References 51 publications

Penicillin and amikacin mixture has bactericidal activity equivalent to gentamicin, tylosin, lincomycin and spectinomycin mixture in equine frozen semen

Penicillin and amikacin mixture has bactericidal activity equivalent to gentamicin, tylosin, lincomycin and spectinomycin mixture in equine frozen semen

Antimicrobial Resistance in Equine Reproduction

Proteomic Landscape of Human Spermatozoa: Optimized Extraction Method and Application

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About