Inclusion of soils and soil-like bodies of urban territories into the Russian soil classification system

Abstract

The results of the Internet discussion on the classification of urban soils aimed at evaluating their possible inclusion into the modern Russian soil classification system adopted by a wide range of specialists are presented. The first step was to address the urban diagnostic horizons as the basis for identifying soil types according to the rules of the Russian soil classification. New diagnostic horizons were proposed for urban soils: urbic (UR), filled compost-mineral (RAT), and filled peat (RT). The combination of these horizons with other diagnostic horizons and layers of technogenic materials correspond to different soil types. At the subtype level, the diagnostic properties (qualifiers) that may reflect both natural phenomena (gley, alkalinity) and technogenic impacts on the soils (urbistratified; phosphatic; or poorly expressed urban-ur, rat, rt) are used. Some corrections were proposed for the system of parent materials in urban environments. Urban soils formerly described in another nomenclature-urbanozems, urbiquasizems, and culturozems-are corre lated with the taxa in all the trunks of the system. The proposals accepted can be used for the next updated version of the new Russian soil classification system.

Accumulation and migration of heavy metals in soils of the Rostov region, south of Russia

“…Table 4 contains the results of heavy metals in profiles of urbostratozems. The soils are typical for urban areas (Eikmann and Kloke 1991) d No MPC is developed for strontium in the soils; 600 mg/kg is considered to be the upper limit of the normal total strontium content in the soils (Kovalskii 1974) characterized by the presence of several synlithogenic diagnostic (UR) horizons formed due to the input of different substrates onto the surface of the soil in the urban and rural settlements (Prokof'eva et al 2014).…”

Почвы Промышленных Площадок И Их Экологическая Демутация (На Примере Сахарных Заводов)

“…Кроме технологических, возможны и строительные формы проявления техногенеза, но на промплощадке они связаны не с гражданским, а с промышленным строительством. После остановки и забрасывания предприятия важное значение для почвообразовательных процессов имеет разрушение его цехов и конструкций, резко увеличи- 3 Детальные характеристики и описания перечисленных техногенных почв и «почвоподобных тел» хорошо представлены в современной урбопочвоведческой литературе ( [12,13,18]), и здесь мы на них останавливаться не будем.…”

Benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene in urban environments of eastern Moscow: pollution levels and critical loads

“…Urbic Technosols dominate in the soil cover; their morphological, physical and chemical properties differ greatly from those of the background Retisols developing under coniferous-deciduous forests on loamy deposits (Kosheleva and Nikiforova, 2011). Anthropogenically modified and artificial soils are also represented by Eutric Retisols, Transportic Technosols, Ekranic Technosols (sealed by asphalt) and by several other soil types developed on man-made sediments and the cultural layer (Prokof'eva et al, 2014). Traffic releases more than 90 % of pollutants in the aerosol and gas phase, including PAHs, into the air and thus defines the ecological situation in the district (Kasimov et al, 2014).…”

“…The snow cover in the EAD was surveyed in early March when the snow depth was maximal, while the soil sampling was carried out in June 2010 using the methods recommended in Revich et al (1982) and Kasimov (1995). Landuse zoning was accomplished and traffic, industrial, residential, recreational and agricultural zones were distinguished (Nikiforova et al, 2014).…”