Inclusion of ion orbit loss and intrinsic rotation in plasma fluid rotation theory

Stacey, Weston M.; Wilks, Theresa

doi:10.1063/1.4939884

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…From these results obtained thanks to our new INMDFs, many perspectives are possibles such as the description of ion orbit losses [68,69] and the fast ions [70,71], or the development of experimental measurements of NMDFs using for example Thomson scattering [48,49] or Langmuir probes. In summary, because different measurements can be more or less sensitive to the presence of super-thermal particles, better interpretations of experimental data are possible and more accurate measurement techniques of the distribution function can be developed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…This is the first simple analytic function which can be consistent with NMDFs at finite collisionality in presence of external source of energy. With this work, the entropy is not viewed as a degree of disorder but is interpreted as a level of sharing information (or energy) between particles of the plasma.From these results obtained thanks to our new INMDFs, many perspectives are possibles such as the description of ion orbit losses [68,69] and the fast ions [70,71], or the development of experimental measurements of NMDFs using for example Thomson scattering [48,49] or Langmuir probes. In summary, because different measurements can be more or less sensitive to the presence of super-thermal particles, better interpretations of experimental data are possible and more accurate measurement techniques of the distribution function can be developed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetic corrections from analytic non-Maxwellian distribution functions in magnetized plasmas

Izacard

2016

Physics of Plasmas

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In magnetized plasma physics, almost all developed analytic theories assume a Maxwellian distribution function (MDF) and in some cases small deviations are described using the perturbation theory. The deviations with respect to the Maxwellian equilibrium, called kinetic effects, are required to be taken into account specially for fusion reactor plasmas. Generally, because the perturbation theory is not consistent with observed steady-state non-Maxwellians, these kinetic effects are numerically evaluated by very CPU-expensive codes, avoiding the analytic complexity of velocity phase space integrals. We develop here a new method based on analytic non-Maxwellian distribution functions constructed from non-orthogonal basis sets in order to (i) use as few parameters as possible, (ii) increase the efficiency to model numerical and experimental non-Maxwellians, (iii) help to understand unsolved problems such as diagnostics discrepancies from the physical interpretation of the parameters, and (iv) obtain analytic corrections due to kinetic effects given by a small number of terms and removing the numerical error of the evaluation of velocity phase space integrals. This work does not attempt to derive new physical effects even if it could be possible to discover one from the better understandings of some unsolved problems, but here we focus on the analytic prediction of kinetic corrections from analytic non-Maxwellians. As applications, examples of analytic kinetic corrections are shown for the secondary electron emission, the Langmuir probe characteristic curve, and the entropy. This is done by using three analytic representations of the distribution function: the Kappa (KDF), the bi-modal or a new interpreted non-Maxwellian (INMDF) distribution function. The existence of INMDFs is proved by new understandings of the experimental discrepancy of the measured electron temperature between two diagnostics in JET. As main results, it is shown that (i) the empirical formula for the secondary electron emission is not consistent with a MDF due to the presence of super-thermal particles, (ii) the super-thermal particles can replace a diffusion parameter in the Langmuir probe current formula and (iii) the entropy can explicitly decrease in presence of sources only for the introduced INMDF without violating the second law of thermodynamics. Moreover, the first order entropy of an infinite number of super-thermal tails stays the same as the entropy of a MDF. The latter demystifies the Maxwell's demon by statistically describing non-isolated systems.The observation of non-equilibrium distribution functions is possible in a large number of areas other than laboratory plasma physics such as in astrophysics plasmas, hydrodynamic fluids and molecular dynamics, atomic physics, condensed matter, chemical reactions and in statistics (see Refs. [1][2][3][4][5]). We focus here on laboratory plasma physics with charged particles in a magnetic field relevant to tokamaks and spherical tokamaks for the purpose of energy production by fusion ener...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic corrections from analytic non-Maxwellian distribution functions in magnetized plasmas

Izacard

2016

Physics of Plasmas

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“…However, there is a further kinetic theory effect associated with thermalized ions that can access an orbit which carries them across the last closed flux surface (LCFS) and out of the confined plasma. Although such ion orbit loss (IOL) was identified 20 years ago by Miyamoto [6], IOL has only recently been recognized as an important phenom enon in plasma edge physics [7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Ion Orbit Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calculation of the ion orbit loss fraction is discussed in [9][10][11][12][13], and this paper is concerned more with how to include these ion orbit loss fractions in a fluid model calculation. We have in mind low collisionality edge plasmas and did not include the additional ion orbit loss that would be associated with confined ions scattering into the loss cone.…”

Section: Ion Orbit Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extended fluid transport theory in the tokamak plasma edge

Stacey

2017

Nucl. Fusion

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Fluid theory expressions for the radial particle and energy fluxes and the radial distributions of pressure and temperature in the edge plasma are derived from fundamental conservation (particle, energy, momentum) relations, taking into account kinetic corrections arising from ion orbit loss, and integrated to illustrate the dependence of the observed edge pedestal profile structure on fueling, heating, and electromagnetic and thermodynamic forces. Solution procedures for the fluid plasma and associated neutral transport equations are discussed.

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Momentum Sources

Rice

2021

Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics

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Inclusion of ion orbit loss and intrinsic rotation in plasma fluid rotation theory

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Kinetic corrections from analytic non-Maxwellian distribution functions in magnetized plasmas

Kinetic corrections from analytic non-Maxwellian distribution functions in magnetized plasmas

Extended fluid transport theory in the tokamak plasma edge

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