Inclusion of CO2 flux modelling in an urban canopy layer model and an evaluation over an old European city centre

Goret, Marine; Masson, Valéry; Schoetter, Robert; Moine, Marie‐Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.aeaoa.2019.100042

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is anticipated that the introduction of an urban surface for NWP will be co‐developed alongside a residential CO 2 emission model based on variables such as building temperature, which would include the energy required to heat the building to the desired temperature. A simpler first step would be to use urban air temperature to provide information on heating degree days (Goret et al., 2019; Guevara et al., 2013). This would also feedback into the NWP product as

Q_{F}

.…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Urban Scheme for the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System: Single‐Column and Global Offline Application

McNorton

Arduini

Bousserez

et al. 2021

J Adv Model Earth Syst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The societal benefits of numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecasts are most evident in populated areas. An urban representation within NWP models should provide improved forecast accuracy. Here, we present the preliminary implementation of an urban scheme within the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) using a simplified single‐layer urban canopy model. The scheme makes assumptions of canyon geometry and considers fluxes from roads, walls, and roofs. Temperature observations were used to optimize single‐column model (SCM) parameters using the Gauss‐Newton method. Observation comparisons over six European cities, show a 2‐m temperature root‐mean‐squared error reduction from 1.85 to 1.75 K with the urban scheme. Optimized parameters were used globally at kilometric scale in a land surface model. A sensitivity experiment assuming a 100% urban world showed spatially averaged northern hemisphere 2‐m temperatures increased by 0.54 K (January) and 0.42 K (July) at night caused by changes in the albedo, emissivity, roughness, and thermal and hydrological properties. Global ∼1‐km resolution simulations using ancillary urban mapping information produce an urban heat island effect over major and minor conurbations. Only major conurbations were well represented at ∼9‐km resolution. Results from SCM simulations show a heightening of the planetary boundary layer over city sites, with the largest enhancements occurring at night in July (84 ± 48 m) caused by an increased sensible heat flux. These initial developments show the importance of a high‐resolution urban representation within NWP models. Improved parameterization and mapping will enable an online representation of energy, water, and trace gas fluxes over residential areas.

show abstract

Q_{F}

.…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Urban Scheme for the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System: Single‐Column and Global Offline Application

McNorton

Arduini

Bousserez

et al. 2021

J Adv Model Earth Syst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Goret et al. (2019) analysis of observed momentum fluxes confirms that they are located in the inertial sublayer (constant flux layer).…”

Section: Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The EC flux footprint, calculated using the Kljun et al. (2015) model for each 30 min interval, identifies that the probable mean 80% fetch extends to around 500 m in all wind directions, except for southerlies where it extends to 1 km (Goret et al., 2019). Given the homogeneous characteristics within 500 m radius of the tower and areas further south, we assume that the observed turbulent fluxes are comparable to the modeled turbulent fluxes (horizontal grid spacing 1 km; Figure 4, d4).…”

Section: Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A strong urban canopy layer heat island was present before sunrise on 4 July 2004 (Hidalgo et al., 2008). An offline TEB simulation is forced with the required meteorological data and the surface morphological parameters averaged for the area within in a 500 m radius from the tower (see Figure 1 in Goret et al., 2019 and data in Meyer, 2020).…”

Section: Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human behavior related to building energy consumption (Schoetter et al., 2017). Calculation of urban carbon dioxide fluxes (Goret et al., 2019). Irrigation (de Munck et al., 2013): irrigation of green roofs, gardens, and watering of roads. Solar panels (Masson et al., 2014) for hot water and/or photovoltaic (PV).…”

Section: Models and Softwarementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

WRF‐TEB: Implementation and Evaluation of the Coupled Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Town Energy Balance (TEB) Model

Meyer

Schoetter

Riechert

et al. 2020

J Adv Model Earth Syst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urban land surface processes need to be represented to inform future urban climate and building energy projections. Here, the single layer urban canopy model Town Energy Balance (TEB) is coupled to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to create WRF‐TEB. The coupling method is described generically, implemented into software, and the code and data are released with a Singularity image to address issues of scientific reproducibility. The coupling is implemented modularly and verified by an integration test. Results show no detectable errors in the coupling. Separately, a meteorological evaluation is undertaken using observations from Toulouse, France. The latter evaluation, during an urban canopy layer heat island episode, shows reasonable ability to estimate turbulent heat flux densities and other meteorological quantities. We conclude that new model couplings should make use of integration tests as meteorological evaluations by themselves are insufficient, given that errors are difficult to attribute because of the interplay between observational errors and multiple parameterization schemes (e.g., radiation, microphysics, and boundary layer).

show abstract

Evaluation of 30 urban land surface models in the Urban‐PLUMBER project: Phase 1 results

Lipson,

Grimmond,

Best

et al. 2023

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Accurately predicting weather and climate in cities is critical for safeguarding human health and strengthening urban resilience. Multi‐model evaluations can lead to model improvements, however there have been no major intercomparisons of urban‐focused land surface models in over a decade. Here, in Phase 1 of the Urban‐PLUMBER project, we evaluate 30 land surface models' ability to simulate surface energy fluxes critical to atmospheric meteorological and air quality simulations. We establish minimum and upper performance expectations for participating models using simple information‐limited models as benchmarks. Compared with the last major model intercomparison at the same site, we find broad improvement in the current cohort's predictions of shortwave radiation, sensible and latent heat fluxes, but little or no improvement in longwave radiation and momentum fluxes. Models with a simple urban representation (e.g. “slab” schemes) generally perform well, particularly when combined with sophisticated hydrological/vegetation models. Some mid‐complexity models (e.g. “canyon” schemes) also perform well, indicating efforts to integrate vegetation and hydrology processes have paid dividends. The most complex models that resolve three‐dimensional interactions between buildings in general did not perform as well as other categories. However, these models also tended to have the simplest representations of hydrology and vegetation. Models without any urban representation (i.e. vegetation‐only land surface models) performed poorly for latent heat fluxes, and reasonably for other energy fluxes at this suburban site. Our analysis identified widespread human errors in initial submissions that substantially affected model performances. Although significant efforts are applied to correct these errors, we conclude that human factors are likely to influence results in this (or any) model intercomparison, particularly where participating scientists have varying experience and first languages. These initial results are for one suburban site, and future phases of Urban‐PLUMBER will evaluate models across twenty sites in different urban and regional climate zones.

show abstract

Inclusion of CO2 flux modelling in an urban canopy layer model and an evaluation over an old European city centre

Cited by 19 publications

References 54 publications

An Urban Scheme for the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System: Single‐Column and Global Offline Application

An Urban Scheme for the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System: Single‐Column and Global Offline Application

WRF‐TEB: Implementation and Evaluation of the Coupled Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Town Energy Balance (TEB) Model

Evaluation of 30 urban land surface models in the Urban‐PLUMBER project: Phase 1 results

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About