Inclusion of Cephalexin in COVID-19 Treatment Combinations May Prevent Lung Involvement in Mild Infections: A Case Report with Pharmacological Genomics Perspective

Abstract

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a nonsegmented positive sense RNA, enveloped RNA virus that belongs to the family of β-coronaviridae. This virus shall cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which consequently leads to breathing difficulty and need to admit to intensive care units (ICUs). The current conventional treatment combination in most of the hospitals in Iran includes azithromycin 500 + naproxen 500 + vitamin C 1,000 + Zinc + vitamin D3 1,000. In this case reports (n = 4), we would like to report significant findings in course of COVID-19 treatment reported to our clinic on August 8 and 9, 2020; patients presented as walk in and were advised house isolation and complete bed rest as there were no signs of lung involvement and their overall condition was stable. By the inclusion of cephalexin 500 in treatment combination, patients who received cephalexin 500 for 5 days along with other medicines did not develop any lung involvement and breathing complications. Cephalexin is the gold standard in upper and lower respiratory tract infections and here also shall play a vital role besides other conventional therapies. Azithromycin is a macrodial antibiotic working via the ABCB1 gene pathway. As of date, there is no clear evidence of pharmacogenomics data in COVID-19 patients. More research needs to be performed in COVID-19 before any sort of pharmacogenomics tests could be advised.

Potential of Bacillus subtilis Against SARS-CoV-2 – A Sustainable Drug Development Perspective

“…BSs are well-known for their emulsifying role in vaccines or drugs and would be extremely successful as they are from sustainable and natural sources with non-pyrogenic and non-toxic immunological adjuvants when combined with SARS-CoV-2 antigen for treatment. Consequently, this expresses that B. subtilis plays a key role as an immunosuppressive agent and shall be particularly deployed as an alternative/complementary therapy alongside current conventional therapies to ease SARS-Cov-2-associated inflammatory responses (Khodavirdipour, 2021).…”

Deciphering the immunoboosting potential of macro and micronutrients in COVID support therapy

“…In contrast to placebo, it considerably declined period of symptoms of common cold, from 7.6 to 4.4 days. In the case study, it was observed that the combination of azithromycin (500) + naproxen (500) + vitamin C (1000) + zinc + vitamin D 3 (1000) resulted in significant outcomes in course of COVID-19 treatment (Khodavirdipour 2021 ) .…”

SARS-CoV-2 Spreads Globally Through the Object-to-Human Transmission of Cross-Border Logistics

“…COVID-19 is a public health emergency with the fastest transmission speed, the broadest range of infection, and the most challenging prevention and control in the past 100 years ( Ye et al, 2020a , 2021 ; Chen et al, 2021 ; Tian et al, 2021a , b ; Han and Ye, 2022 ; Zhang et al, 2022 ), and it can cause multiple organ damage or even death ( Tian and Ye, 2020 ; Ye et al, 2020a , b , c ; Han and Ye, 2021 ; Han et al, 2021 ; Khodavirdipour et al, 2021a , b ; Tian et al, 2021b ). Vaccines and drugs are being developed ( Khodavirdipour et al, 2020 , 2021c , 2022 ; Khodavirdipour, 2021 ). In the past, it was considered that the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was the dominant route of transmission ( Jarvis, 2020 ).…”