Inclusion Compounds

Frank, Sylvan G.

doi:10.1002/jps.2600641003

Cited by 90 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…1), respectively, and which enclose cavities of approximately 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 nm in diameter. [14,15] Because of their sugar backbone, these CyDs are also known as cycloamyloses: hexa-(C6A), hepta-(C7A) and octaamylose (C8A) [15] or cyclohexa-, -hepta-, -octaglucan and a-, band g-amylosan (French, 1957). [16] CyDs with fewer than six glucopyranose residues do not exist, probably for steric reasons.…”

Section: Introduction/historical Background Structure and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on cyclodextrin encapsulation of essential oils and volatiles

Cabral-Marques

2010

Flavour & Fragrance J

578

360

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Cyclodextrins (CyDs) are cyclic carbohydrates derived from starch. The parent CyDs contain six, seven and eight glucopyranose units and are referred as a-, b-and g-CyD, respectively. The most important property of the CyDs is the ability to establish specific interactions -molecular encapsulation -with various types of molecules through the formation of noncovalently bonded entities, either in the solid phase or in aqueous solution. These nano-encapsulating agents may form inclusion complexes with essential oils and volatiles, or their components, in order to improve their characteristics, such as transformation of liquid compounds into crystalline form; masking unpleasant smells and tastes of some compounds; improving the physical and/or chemical stability; and stabilizing volatile compounds by reducing or eliminating any losses through evaporation. Complexation has been used to avoid the destruction of certain flavours by processing or, on storage, allowing the use of minor amounts of flavours. The guest molecule is released in the warm moisture of the mouth. Examples are spices, essential oils of vegetable origin and plant flavours, chamomile oil and extract, eucalyptus oil, fennel oil, lemon oil, onion and garlic oil, camphor, menthol, thymol, etc. There are several methods for the preparation of inclusion complexes; kneading, co-precipitation, freeze-drying and spray-drying the most commonly used. Evidence for a guest inclusion into the apolar CyD cavity may be proved by various analytical techniques, including NMR spectroscopy, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism, fluorescence, infrared/FT-IR spectroscopy, thermo-analysis, TLC, mass spectromety, and powder X-ray diffractometry.

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Section: Introduction/historical Background Structure and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on cyclodextrin encapsulation of essential oils and volatiles

Cabral-Marques

2010

Flavour & Fragrance J

578

360

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The water molecules in clathrates are joined in the rings of five. [27] Monomolecular inclusion compounds Cyclodextrins These are, composed of 5 or more α-D-glucopyranoside units linked by α1-4 linkages, as in amylose (a fragment of starch). Typical cyclodextrins contain a number of glucose monomers ranging from 6 to 8 units in a ring, creating a cone shape.…”

Section: Polymolecular Inclusion Compounds Ureamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, denoting: α-cyclodextrin (six sugar ring molecule), β-cyclodextrin (seven sugar ring molecule), and γ-cyclodextrin (eight sugar ring molecule) enclosing the cavity of about 6, 8, and 10 Å, respectively, in which the guest molecule is enclosed. [27] Macromolecular inclusion compounds Zeolites They contain two tight hexagons, each with six silicon and aluminum atoms, along with their associated oxygen atoms, facing each other and forming a flat prism. Eight such prisms are joined together to form an oval cavity of approximately 11 Å.…”

Section: Polymolecular Inclusion Compounds Ureamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The silica gels are formed by crystallization of the silicon-oxygen atoms around the guest molecule. [27] chemical bonding. The term "inclusion compounds" was first time given by Schlenk and previously also known by some other names such as "occlusion compounds, adducts, and clathrates."…”

Section: Polymolecular Inclusion Compounds Ureamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frank classified the inclusion complexes into polymolecular, monomolecular, and macromolecular on the basis of organization and their structures in complexes as summarized here in the Table 1. [27] Harris categorized the host molecules into hard hosts and soft host on the basis of the stability of the host molecule. [28] Steed and Atwood classified these compounds into cavitands and clathrands on the basis of the topological relationship between host and guest.…”

Section: Polymolecular Inclusion Compounds Ureamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Budhwar¹

2018

AJP

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Inclusion complexes have various applications in different fields of drug delivery and pharmaceutical industry due to their ability of complexation with guest molecules and enhancement of the physicochemical properties of guest molecules. Cyclodextrins and their derivatives have the ability to encapsulate the bioactive compounds into its cavity and protect these from the environmental conditions, improve the solubility, bioavailability, and other properties also. The aim of this review is to highlight the advantages of cyclodextrins in the enhancement of physicochemical properties of drugs (such as solubility, stability, bioavailability, permeability, and others), different methods for production and various characterization techniques used for evaluation of complexes. Applications of cyclodextrin complexes in pharmaceutical and other fields are also explained here with examples. Thus cyclodextrins, because of their continuing ability to find several novel applications in drug delivery, are expected to solve many problems accompanied with the delivery of different novel drugs through various delivery routes.

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Inclusion Compounds

Weber¹

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Inclusion compounds may be classified into three main categories: complexes, cavitates, or clathrates. Typical examples for each class of inclusion compounds are the crown complexes, the calix–cavitates, and the hydroquinone clathrates. All of these compounds have in common the ability to incorporate into the cavities of their own molecules, or within their lattices, other molecules of suitable size, spatially to enfold them, that is to hold them, mostly by physical imprisonment. Materials having the attribute of inclusion have given rise to what is called host–guest chemistry, a typical feature of which is accommodation of a complementary guest species into a concave host framework involving a molecular recognition process such as imaged by the complementarity of a lock and a key. Logically, a new broad area of chemistry grew up on this basis starting in the 1970s. It is called supramolecular chemistry and means the chemistry beyond the molecule. This article surveys the various types of inclusion compounds and their applications.

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Inclusion Compounds

Cited by 90 publications

References 147 publications

A review on cyclodextrin encapsulation of essential oils and volatiles

A review on cyclodextrin encapsulation of essential oils and volatiles

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Inclusion Compounds

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