Inclusion Complexes of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs with Cyclodextrins: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most widely used classes of medicines in the treatment of inflammation, fever, and pain. However, evidence has demonstrated that these drugs can induce significant toxicity. In the search for innovative strategies to overcome NSAID-related problems, the incorporation of drugs into cyclodextrins (CDs) has demonstrated promising results. This study aims to review the impact of cyclodextrin incorporation on the biopharmaceutical and pharmacological properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A systematic search for papers published between 2010 and 2020 was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and the following search terms: “Complexation”; AND “Cyclodextrin”; AND “non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug”. A total of 24 different NSAIDs, 12 types of CDs, and 60 distinct inclusion complexes were identified, with meloxicam and β-CD appearing in most studies. The results of the present review suggest that CDs are drug delivery systems capable of improving the pharmacological and biopharmaceutical properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Transdermal delivery of inflammatory factors regulated drugs for rheumatoid arthritis

“…The gel polymer matrix, such as carbomer and cellulose derivatives, has hydrophilicity and can absorb large amounts of water, so that the gel can hydrate the skin stratum corneum and facilitate the penetration of drugs through the skin. Therefore, gel can be used as an effective semi solid drug delivery vehicle (Zhu et al., 2021 ). Constructing gel systems with different structures (microemulsion gel, nanoemulsion gel, nanomicellar gel, sanaplastic nano-vesicle gel, ethosomal gel, transferosomal gel, and nanoparticles gel) is a excellent way to improve the ability of drug penetration and drug bioavailability.…”

Cyclodextrins as Anti-inflammatory Agents: Basis, Drugs and Perspectives

“…As far as NSAIDs are concerned, CDs overcame the formulation issues caused by their poor water solubility [ 53 ]. The great achievements reached triggered intense research over the years [ 54 , 55 ]. A recent systematic review [ 55 ] collects the studies conducted in this last decade (2010-2020) and shows how cyclodextrins have had a huge impact on the formulation of NSAIDs with over 600 articles found in the literature, with 24 different NSAIDs investigated and 60 formulations obtained through combinations of CDs and NSAIDs.…”

“…The great achievements reached triggered intense research over the years [ 54 , 55 ]. A recent systematic review [ 55 ] collects the studies conducted in this last decade (2010-2020) and shows how cyclodextrins have had a huge impact on the formulation of NSAIDs with over 600 articles found in the literature, with 24 different NSAIDs investigated and 60 formulations obtained through combinations of CDs and NSAIDs. It emerges that meloxicam, followed by diclofenac, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, piroxicam, aceclofenac and oxaprozin is the most studied anti-inflammatory drugs and some of the most recent studies are listed in Table 1 as examples.…”

Poly(Ethylene Glycol)/β-Cyclodextrin Pseudorotaxane Complexes as Sustainable Dispersing and Retarding Materials in a Cement-Based Mortar

“…3 Usually, the inclusion process can modify the physical, chemical, or biological proprieties of the included molecule. 1 − 3 On this basis, many applications of inclusion complexes of the CDs are found in different industrial sectors, such as food, 4 pharmaceutical, 5 chemistry, 6 , 7 medicine, 8 and environment. 9 The wide expansion of CDs was made possible by their low-cost production on an industrial scale.…”