Inclusion Complex of Resveratrol with γ-Cyclodextrin as a Functional Ingredient for Lemon Juices

Abstract

Microencapsulated resveratrol (RSV) is a pertinent ingredient in functional foods to be used in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases. Gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) was evaluated for its RSV inclusion ability. Inclusion procedures comprised mixing equal concentration of an aqueous solution of γ-CD with an ethanol solution of RSV and freeze-drying to obtain a solid material. Solid-state characterization by vibrational spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirmed the formation of the γ-CD·RSV complex in a ratio of 1:1. PXRD suggested that cyclodextrin molecules in the complex are stacked in infinite channels holding the RSV inside, with a wide inter-channel space where 14 water molecules are retained. Fresh lemon juices supplemented with 0.625 mg/mL of RSV in its free (RSV-juice) or complexed (γ-CD·RSV-juice) form were stored along 28 days under dark and room temperature or at 4 °C. Initially, the RSV level in γ-CD·RSV-juice was about nine times higher than in RSV-juice (43.1% and 4.8%, respectively), suggesting that the RSV complexation promoted its solubility in the lemon juice, a fact that was still noticed after 28 days of storage. Moreover, regardless the fact that the antioxidant capacity was similar among the juices, the loss of antiradical ABTS•+ capacity in γ-CD·RSV-juice was reduced compared to that of the RSV-juice. Overall, this study allowed concluding that γ-CD can serve as a carrier of RSV, promoting its solubility and eventually protecting its antioxidant stability in lemon juices for at least 28 days.

Characterization of the Inclusion Complexes of Isothiocyanates with γ-Cyclodextrin for Improvement of Antibacterial Activities against Staphylococcus aureus

“…XRD is a useful tool for determining CD complexes in powder or microcrystalline forms [ 38 ]. Due to ITCs being liquid with high volatility, the crystal structure of ITCs is difficult to detect.…”

Improvements in the Procedures to Encapsulate Diverse Bioactive Compounds

“…α- and β-cyclodextrins demonstrated better performance than γ-cyclodextrins in relation to the antioxidant activity of emulsions and powders, although their stability was not affected by the cyclodextrin type, with a rapid decline in the carotenoid content. On the other hand, the capability of γ-cyclodextrins to form a complex with resveratrol has been confirmed by Silva et al [ 2 ], who showed a true inclusion complex with the resveratrol inside the cavity of the γ-cyclodextrin channels. In the study of González-Reza et al [ 3 ], the influence of different encapsulating (poly-ε-caprolactone and ethylcellulose) and stabilizing (polyvinyl alcohol and Pluronic ® F-127) polymers on quality parameters of thyme essential oil nanocapsules has been evaluated.…”

Role of Resveratrol in Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Disorders and Cardiovascular Complications Related to COVID-19 Disease: Mode of Action and Approaches Explored to Increase Its Bioavailability

“…The increased water solubility of resveratrol was thus achieved while 4 −OH position on resveratrol is the best position for the glycosylation for maintaining its highest antiradical properties [81]. The resveratrol complexation with γ-CD in lemon juice enhanced its solubility and retained its antioxidant activity [82]. The antioxidant activity of trans-resveratrol was improved because of its complexation with (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-CD [83].…”