Including smart loads for optimal demand response in integrated energy management systems for isolated microgrids

Mathematical Models for Optimization of Grid-Integrated Energy Storage Systems: A Review

“…Equations (4b) and (4c) are similar to (2c) and (2d) respectively. The above model is illustrated in [28], [29]. An interesting method of removing the bilinear constraint (4a) by adding a disturbance term to the objective function was provided in [29].…”

“…Model (6) provides an opportunity to researchers interested in the optimization of gridintegrated BESSs using convex techniques. [23], [24], [25], [37] [38], [39] d , [40] d , [41], [42], [43], [44] d , [45] (3) [26], [27] (4) [28] In addition, some authors may have components common to any of the five models presented. This is common practice, as researchers, planning engineers and power system operators might need to capture several aspects from different models to suit their problem.…”

“…Table I attempts to classify some of the applicable grid-integrated linear and nonlinear ESS models used in power system optimization. [25], [42], [43] CAES [38], [43] FES [45] BESS [21], [23], [24], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [37], [39] SMES Generic { [12], [20], [26], [27], [28], [29], [41]} SC Generic { [12], [20], [26], [27], [28], [29], [41]} TESS [22], [45] HES [40] Table II is intended to provide the reader with suitable models incorporating other technological aspects and characteristics not covered in this paper for all the different ESS technologies listed in section II.…”

Optimal hierarchical energy management scheme for networked microgrids considering uncertainties, demand response, and adjustable power

“…In [29], the DR programme has been achieved by controlling the HVAC systems. The mathematical model of smart loads that participate in the DR programmes is presented in [30]. The amount of DR depends on the time, temperature, time of use tariff, and the peak load.…”

Energy management of islanded microgrid for reliability and cost trade‐off with PV, energy storage, and diesel generator

“…Furthermore, an EMS for stand‐alone microgrid has been proposed to maximise utilisation of wind energy and minimise utilisation of diesel generator on the basis of system stable operation [13]. Also, a novel microgrid EMS framework has been proposed based on a model predictive control approach, which yields optimal dispatch decisions of dispatchable generators, ESs, and peak demand for controllable loads [29]. Zheng et al developed an optimal operation model for a multiagent system based microgrid [30].…”