Inclined Geosynchronous Spaceborne–Airborne Bistatic SAR: Performance Analysis and Mission Design

Sun, Zhichao; Wu, Junjie; Pei, Jifang; Li, Zhongyu; Huang, Yulin; Yang, Jianyu

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2015.2457034

Cited by 85 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Assume the antenna pattern of the transmitter and receiver are strictly controlled. In order to clearly show the characteristics of the ghost effect, the ghost positions of the target (5000, 0, 0) in different configurations are calculated according Equation (13). The whole imaging scene is divided into three parts as shown in Figure 10 It is seen that there is "ghost target" in the range direction caused by the same bistatic range histories.…”

Section: Ground Range Direction (M)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yicheng Jiang et al [12] deduced the resolution of the geosynchronous transmitter and UAV receiver (GEO-UAV BiSAR) on the basis of the gradient method and analyzed the configuration influences on the range and azimuth resolution. Zhichao Sun et al [13] analyzed the spatial resolution characteristics of inclined geosynchronous spaceborne-airborne bistatic SAR based on the GFA method and solved a nonlinear equation system to guide the receiver motion parameters. In the abovementioned studies, the characteristics of spatial resolution in the whole scattering space have still not been given directly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis and Simulation on Imaging Performance of Backward and Forward Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar

Chen

Jin

2018

Remote Sensing

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In recent years, bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technique has attracted considerable and increasing attention. Compared to monostatic SAR for which only the backscattering is measured, bistatic SAR expands the scattering measurements in aspects of angular region and polarization, and greatly enhances the capability of remote sensing over terrain and sea. It has been pointed out in recent theoretical researches that bistatic scattering measured in the forward region is preferable to that measured in the backward region in lines of surface parameters retrieval. In the forward region, both dynamic range and signal sensitivity increase to a great extent. For these reasons, bistatic SAR imaging is desirable. However, because of the separated positions of the transmitter and receiver, the degrees of freedom in the parameter space is increased and the forward bistatic imaging is more complicated than the backward bistatic SAR in the aspects of bistatic range history, Doppler parameter estimation and motion compensation, et, al. In this study, we analyze bistatic SAR in terms of ground range resolution, azimuth resolution, bistatic range history and signal to noise ratio (SNR) in different bistatic configurations. Effects of system motion parameters on bistatic SAR imaging are investigated through analytical modeling and numerical simulations. The results indicate that the range resolution is extremely degraded in some cases in forward bistatic SAR imaging. In addition, due to the different imaging projection rules between backward and forward bistatic SAR, the ghost point is produced in the forward imaging. To avoid the above problems, the forward bistatic imaging geometry must be carefully considered. For a given application requirement with the desired imaging performances, the design of the motion parameters can be considered as a question of solving the nonlinear equation system (NES). Then the improved chaos particle swarm optimization (CPSO) is introduced to solve the NES and obtain the optimal solutions. And the simulated imaging results are used to test and verify the effectiveness of CPSO. The results help to deepen understanding of the constraints and properties of bistatic SAR imaging and provide the reference to the optimal design of the motion parameters for a specific requirement, especially in forward bistatic configurations.

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Section: Ground Range Direction (M)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Simulation on Imaging Performance of Backward and Forward Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar

Chen

Jin

2018

Remote Sensing

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“…Investigations on signal synchronization have developed over the last decades and a large number of works on the topic can be found [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. On the other hand, research achievements on GNSS- based SAR imaging formation have been presented in [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19] from theoretical, experimental and application perspectives. Antoniou et al first proposed a modified Range-Doppler algorithm for a Galileo-based BSAR system [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fourier-Based Image Formation Algorithm for Geo-Stationary GNSS-Based Bistatic Forward-Looking Synthetic Aperture Radar

Zeng

Shi

Xing

et al. 2019

Sensors

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A Geo-Stationary GNSS-based Bistatic Forward-Looking Synthetic Aperture Radar (GeoSta-GNSS-BFLSAR) system is a particular kind of passive bistatic SAR system. In this system, a geo-stationary GNSS is used as the transmitter, while the receiver is deployed on a moving aircraft, which travels towards a target in a straight line. It is expected that such a radar system has potential for self-landing, self-navigation and battlefield information acquisition applications, etc. Up to now, little information from a research perspective can be found about GeoSta-GNSS-BFLSAR systems. To address this information gap, this paper proposes a preliminary image formation algorithm for GeoSta-GNSS-BFLSAR. The full details of the mathematical derivation are given. It is highlighted that, to overcome the long dwell time and spatial variance of GeoSta-GNSS-BFLSAR, a modified migration correction factor must be designed. In addition, the system performances and technical limitations of GeoSta-GNSS-BFLSAR such as focusing depth and spatial resolution are analytically discussed. In the end, a set of simulations including the image formation algorithm, focusing depth and spatial resolution were conducted for verification. It is demonstrated that the focusing performances of the proposed algorithm have a high level of similarity with the theoretical counterparts. This article thus proves the feasibility of GeoSta-GNSS-BFLSAR systems from a simulation level and establishes a foundation for the real applications of such a radar scheme in the future.

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“…Fortunately, the unique characteristics of GEO-SARs make it a reliable illuminator for LEO/airborne receivers in bistatic/multistatic SAR configurations [21]- [24]. The BiSAR configuration employed inclined GEO-SAR as a transmitter and LEO-SAR as a passive receiver can provide wide swath and high spatial/temporal resolution with less costing consumption [25], [26]. In addition, GEO-LEO BiSAR has great advantages compared with current spaceborne SARs, such as anti-attack, well-concealment and good flexibility [27], [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spaceborne Azimuth Multichannel BiSAR With Geosynchronous Transmitter and LEO Receiver: High-Resolution Wide-Swath Image Formation

Wang

2019

IEEE Access

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Spaceborne azimuth multichannel bistatic synthetic aperture radar (AMC-BiSAR) system employed inclined geosynchronous (GEO) transmitter and low-Earth-orbit (LEO) receiver is capable of providing a vast area of surveillance and fine spatial resolution, which presents great potentials for Earth observation. Nevertheless, owing to complex geometry and big differences of orbital characteristics, high-resolution wide-swath (HRWS) imaging for GEO-LEO AMC-BiSARs remains three major issues: 1) ''Stop-and-Go'' approximation is invalid because of long round-trip delay and high receiver velocity; 2) Due to the special bistatic configuration, the conventional effective phase center (EPC) operation for unambiguous signal reconstruction cannot be directly used; 3) Two-dimension spatial-variant characteristics of the echo signal caused by nonlinear and nonparallel trajectories of transmitter and receiver raise challenges for BiSAR focusing. To address these problems, starting from modeling geometry of inclined GEO-LEO AMC-BiSAR, an accurate slant range model without ''Stop-and-Go'' approximation is derived in the paper. Then the new effective positions of the receiving channels in GEO-LEO AMC-BiSARs are obtained based on the geometry, and the unambiguous Doppler spectrum can be recovered effectively. Finally, a nonlinear chirp scaling imaging algorithm based on the time-domain perturbation (TP-NLCS) is derived and presented, which can correct the variation of range cell migration and azimuth frequency modulation rate. Simulation results show the validity of the proposed method, which can implement GEO-LEO AMC-BiSAR HRWS focusing and has fine phase-preserved capability. INDEX TERMS Geosynchronous (GEO), bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BiSAR), azimuth multichannel (AMC), high-resolution wide-swath (HRWS), imaging algorithm.

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Inclined Geosynchronous Spaceborne–Airborne Bistatic SAR: Performance Analysis and Mission Design

Cited by 85 publications

References 55 publications

Analysis and Simulation on Imaging Performance of Backward and Forward Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar

Analysis and Simulation on Imaging Performance of Backward and Forward Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar

A Fourier-Based Image Formation Algorithm for Geo-Stationary GNSS-Based Bistatic Forward-Looking Synthetic Aperture Radar

Spaceborne Azimuth Multichannel BiSAR With Geosynchronous Transmitter and LEO Receiver: High-Resolution Wide-Swath Image Formation

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