Incisor size and diet revisited: The view from a platyrrhine perspective

Eaglen, Robert H.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330640308

Cited by 63 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Previous studies of dentition dimensions and functional demands placed upon the dentition showed that primates who consume relatively hard, resistant foods tend to have larger incisors (Hylander, 1975;Eaglen, 1984;Shellis and Hiiemae, 1986) or larger molars and associated features (Kay, 1975(Kay, , 1981Kay et al, 1978). The present study found relatively larger incisors in the exudate-feeding O. crassicaudatus than in the frugivorous O. garnettii.…”

Section: Morphology Of the Anterior Dentition And Exudate-feeding In contrasting

confidence: 39%

Three-dimensional analysis of mandibular morphology inOtolemur

Burrows¹,

Smith²

2005

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA) of three-dimensional data is used here to examine mandibular morphology between two species of galagos. Otolemur crassicaudatus consumes primarily exudates, while O. garnettii is more frugivorous. Acquisition of exudates involves either gouging or scraping tree bark, and may involve different forces at the mandible than incising fruits. Previous studies of mandibular morphology in exudate-feeding primates produced mixed results, some suggesting that morphological specializations reflect adaptations for greater force at the anterior dentition, while others suggest specializations for producing a large gape. This study addresses these controversies by testing predictions associated with O. crassicaudatus generating greater force at the anterior dentition or producing a larger gape relative to O. garnettii. In addition, this study tests predictions associated with specializations of the anterior dentition in O. crassicaudatus as related to exudate-feeding. Crania and mandibles from 28 O. crassicaudatus and 17 O. garnettii were digitized in three dimensions, using 18 landmarks that summarize the shape of the jaw. Two-dimensional measurements were taken to assess incisor robusticity. All three-dimensional data were analyzed using EDMA, and bootstrap tests were executed to identify specific interlandmark differences that were driving any significant (P < 0.05) overall shape differences. Two-dimensional data were analyzed using Student's t-test for independent measures. Results revealed that there was a significant shape difference in mandibles between species, and that mandibles of O. crassicaudatus showed higher condyles, longer mandibles, decreased incisor procumbency, and greater incisor robusticity relative to O. garnettii. It is suggested that the results of the present study reflect adaptations for scraping in O. crassicaudatus rather than gouging.

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Section: Morphology Of the Anterior Dentition And Exudate-feeding In contrasting

confidence: 39%

Three-dimensional analysis of mandibular morphology inOtolemur

Burrows¹,

Smith²

2005

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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“…Previous attempts to estimate body mass from various skeletal and dental proxies in anthropoids have emphasized the Catarrhini (Old World ''monkeys'' and hominoids) (e.g., Delson et al, 2000), rather than platyrrhines (Hills and Wood, 1984;Conroy, 1987;Martin, 1990). Since the most reliable morphometric correlates of body mass are identified in the context of comparisons to phylogenetically closely related taxa (Eaglen, 1984;Conroy, 1987;Damuth and MacFadden, 1990;Dagosto and Terranova, 1992), we investigate these associations in platyrrhine primates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating body mass in New World “monkeys” (Platyrrhini, Primates), with a consideration of the Miocene platyrrhine, Chilecebus carrascoensis

Sears

Finarelli

Flynn

et al. 2008

Am Museum Novitates

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Well-constrained estimates of adult body mass for species of fossil platyrrhines (New World ''monkeys'') are essential for resolving numerous paleobiological questions. However, no consensus exists as to which craniodental measures best correlate with body mass among extant taxa in this clade. In this analysis, we analyze 80 craniodental variables and generate predictive equations applicable to fossil taxa, including the early platyrrhine Chilecebus carrascoensis.We find mandibular length to be the best craniodental predictor of body mass. There is no significant difference in predictive value between osteological and dental measures. Variables associated with the mandible and lower dentition do significantly outperform the cranium and upper dentition. Additionally, we demonstrate that modern platyrrhines differ, morphometrically, from early fossil forms. Chilecebus possesses unusual cranial proportions in several key features, as well as proportionally narrow upper incisors and wide upper cheek teeth. These variables yield widely divergent body mass estimates for Chilecebus, implying that the correlations observed in a crown group cannot be assumed a priori for early diverging fossils. Variables allometrically consistent with those in extant forms yield a body mass estimate of slightly less than 600 grams for Chilecebus, nearly a factor of two smaller than prior preliminary estimates.Scaled to body mass, the brain of Chilecebus is markedly smaller than those of modern anthropoids, despite its lowered body mass estimate advocated here. This finding, in conjunction with a similar pattern exhibited by fossil catarrhines, suggests that increased encephalization arose independently in the two extant subgroups of anthropoids (platyrrhines and catarrhines).

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“…Even incisor allometry is not well understood. Eaglen (1984) has shown that within dietary groups, Old World monkeys have larger incisors for their body size than New World monkeys.…”

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confidence: 99%

Postcanine tooth size in female primates

Cochard

1987

American J Phys Anthropol

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The results of many allometric studies of postcanine tooth size in mammals have not corresponded to expectations of tooth size based on energy requirements and dental function. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between postcanine occlusal surface area, body size, and the metabolic demands of pregnancy and lactation in female primates. Tooth and body sizes from 38 primate species were taken from the literature to test two hypotheses: 1) females should have relatively larger teeth than males in order to masticate additional food for the energetic costs of reproduction; 2) taxa with the largest neonatal size (a measure of average metabolic costs of pregnancy and lactation) should have females with a greater degree of relative dental enlargement. The results show that relatively large female teeth are not found consistently in primate species. Females have less occlusal surface area than expected on the basis of the male tooth and body size regression in 21% of the species, and there is no correlation between relative female tooth size and relative newborn size across higher primate taxa. The degree of female dental enlargement is most closely related to degree of sexual dimorphism in body weight. The correlation between degree of body weight dimorphism and relatively larger postcanine teeth in females than in males is 0.87 in the 38 species. Species that are monomorphic in weight tend to be monomorphic in tooth size even though females apparently require more food than males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Incisor size and diet revisited: The view from a platyrrhine perspective

Cited by 63 publications

References 20 publications

Three-dimensional analysis of mandibular morphology inOtolemur

Three-dimensional analysis of mandibular morphology inOtolemur

Estimating body mass in New World “monkeys” (Platyrrhini, Primates), with a consideration of the Miocene platyrrhine, Chilecebus carrascoensis

Postcanine tooth size in female primates

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