Incineration of Hazardous Waste: A Critical Review Update

Dempsey, C.R.; Oppelt, E. Timothy

doi:10.1080/1073161x.1993.10467116

Cited by 146 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…On average, PCDD/F emissions from HWI have been reported to be about three or four orders of magnitude lower than PCDD/F emissions from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) (Dempsey and Oppelt, 1993). However, because of the public and scientific concern, special attention has been paid to emissions of these organic pollutants by HWI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of dioxins and furans in plasma of nonoccupationally exposed subjects living near a hazardous waste incinerator

Agramunt

Schuhmacher

Hernández

et al. 2005

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The potential adverse effects of hazardous waste incinerators (HWI) continue to be a subject of worry. The construction of the first and till now only HWI in Spain finished in 1999. To assess the potential impact of the plant on public health, a preoperational monitoring program was established during the period of construction. The main goal of the present study was to determine, after approximately 3 years of regular operations in the facility, the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in plasma of nonoccupationally exposed subjects living near the HWI. Blood samples were obtained from 20 volunteers aged 19-62 years. The mean PCDD/F concentration in plasma was 15.70 pg I-TEQ/g lipid (range 4.66-29.25 pg I-TEQ/g lipid), which is significantly lower than the mean level found in the baseline survey, 27.01 pg I-TEQ/g lipid (range 14.79-48.95 pg I-TEQ/g lipid). Reductions were noted for both sexes and for all age groups. The comparison with PCDD/F levels from a number of different countries shows that, in general terms, the current PCDD/F concentrations are lower than most results recently reported. It is concluded that emissions from the stack of the HWI assessed here should not mean any additional significant exposure to PCDD/Fs for the population living near the facility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of dioxins and furans in plasma of nonoccupationally exposed subjects living near a hazardous waste incinerator

Agramunt

Schuhmacher

Hernández

et al. 2005

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…A decreasing temperature gradient of about 500 K/s (similar to those reported typical of incinerator postflame zones [28]) exists in the reaction zone. The experiments have been modified to reduce radial nonuniformities.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 61%

Postflame reaction chemistry of dichloromethane: variations in equivalence ratio and temperature

Sgro

Koshland

Lucas

et al. 2000

Combustion and Flame

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We report on the destruction pathways and byproduct formation of dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ) in conditions typical of incinerator postflame regions (injection temperature ϭ 900 -1200 K; equivalence ratio ϭ 0.6, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1; residence time ϭ 0.28 -0.35 s). This is the first study to independently vary equivalence ratio and temperature, and evaluate their impacts on byproduct yield and destruction efficiency. We inject 750 ppm CH 2 Cl 2 into postflame combustion products and measure byproducts with extractive FTIR spectroscopy. We use a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism and reaction rate analysis to predict the changes in reaction pathways as a function of equivalence ratio. The predictions for major products and several intermediate species compare well with experiments; the largest disparities are an underprediction of phosgene (CCl 2 O) and an overprediction of methyl chloride (CH 3 Cl). Both the experiment and the numerical predictions show increased destruction at lower equivalence ratios. However, the experiments reveal increased levels of stable chlorinated organics at lower equivalence ratios, opposite to the numerical prediction. We discuss reasons for this discrepancy and implications of these results for designing control strategies to promote full conversion to HCl and to reduce chlorinated byproduct emissions.

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“…[4][5][6]. Considering the characteristics of medical wastes, controlled air oxidation, (CAO), also called controlled air incineration or starved air incineration, is a promising method which is an improvement of the traditional incineration in terms of air pollution [7][8][9]. By means of this technology it is possible to control the combustion rate of the waste and product distribution, and consequently reduce the air pollutants produced during the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Air Oxidation of Plastic and Biomass in a Packed‐Bed Reactor

Meng

Chen

et al. 2013

Chem Eng & Technol

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A packed-bed reactor was established to study the effect of polypropylene (PP) content on the controlled air oxidation performance of a mixture of PP and sawdust (SD) at a fixed feed gas flow rate. Attention was focused on product yields, evolutionary behavior of the gas flow rate, and gas compositions. A higher PP content led to increased gas yield, lower solid yield, and substantially reduced liquid yield. The PP content significantly affected the gas composition and rate of gas production. Mixtures of plastic and biomass can be radically converted to gaseous and liquid products under controlled air oxidation conditions.

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Incineration of Hazardous Waste: A Critical Review Update

Cited by 146 publications

References 14 publications

Levels of dioxins and furans in plasma of nonoccupationally exposed subjects living near a hazardous waste incinerator

Levels of dioxins and furans in plasma of nonoccupationally exposed subjects living near a hazardous waste incinerator

Postflame reaction chemistry of dichloromethane: variations in equivalence ratio and temperature

Controlled Air Oxidation of Plastic and Biomass in a Packed‐Bed Reactor

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