Incineration and pyrolysis vs. steam gasification of electronic waste

Gurgul, Agnieszka; Szczepaniak, W.; Zabłocka-Malicka, Monika

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.151

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, at the inert gas atmosphere, the formation of some droplets of a black liquid at the far end of the tubular furnace were observed. This was interesting, and an indicative of the volatilization and condensation of the organic fraction, as reported previously by other authors [ 27 , 53 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Therefore, the present work has the motivation of providing a first look into such alternatives, to offer conditions for easy-to-implement physical disassembling without major particle size reduction. The technical support of such proposition is related to previous observations in which the thermal processing was investigated to produce a solid, free of the volatile organic fraction, to hydrometallurgical leaching without excessive fragmentation [ 53 ]. The possibility of a processing alternative without the prior comminution, bypassing the initial physical beneficiation step, was also reported for PCBs with the chemical characterization of the oil-based resin [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Electronic Waste Low-Temperature Processing: An Alternative Thermochemical Pretreatment to Improve Component Separation

et al. 2021

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The production of electronic waste due to technological development, economic growth and increasing population has been rising fast, pushing for solutions before the environmental pressure achieves unprecedented levels. Recently, it was observed that many extractive metallurgy alternatives had been considered to recover value from this type of waste. Regarding pyrometallurgy, little is known about the low-temperature processing applied before fragmentation and subsequent component separation. Therefore, the present manuscript studies such alternative based on scanning electron microscopy characterization. The sample used in the study was supplied by a local recycling center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The mass loss was constant at around 30% for temperatures higher than 300 °C. Based on this fact, the waste material was then submitted to low-temperature processing at 350 °C followed by attrition disassembling, size classification, and magnetic concentration steps. In the end, this first report of the project shows that 15% of the sample was recovered with metallic components with high economic value, such as Cu, Ni, and Au, indicating that such methods could be an interesting alternative to be explored in the future for the development of alternative electronic waste extraction routes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 88%

Electronic Waste Low-Temperature Processing: An Alternative Thermochemical Pretreatment to Improve Component Separation

et al. 2021

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“…4. Similar profiles were registered for two other processes (steam gasification and incineration) (Gurgul et al, 2018).…”

Section: Ht Processingsupporting

confidence: 76%

Acidic leaching of steam gasified, pyrolyzed and incinerated PCB waste from LCD screen

Zabłocka-Malicka¹,

Szczepaniak²,

Gurgul³

et al. 2020

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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In the recycling of WEEE, two approaches are common: a pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical treatment, preceded by a mechanical and/or physical separation. In this study, twostep processing of unmodified waste samples of LCD screen inverters was investigated: hightemperature processing followed by acidic leaching under fixed conditions (1M H2SO4, 90 °C, 1 bar). The analysis carried out concerned a correlation between the type of HT treatment (pyrolysis, incineration, or gasification) and the dynamics of metals' leaching from samples pretreated this way. It was found that HT method can act as "thermal disintegration", since it affects, to a varying degree, the structure of the samples and cause elimination of organics and carbonaceous residue (incineration/gasification). The greatest mass loss (~18%) and the most loosened structure was observed for the gasified sample. Varying oxygen potential in HT-processes correlates well with the leachability of thermally treated inverters. The incineration was found to be the most favorable for copper extraction (>95%) by acidic leaching due to oxidized form of Cu, whereas Cu leaching from pyrolyzed and gasified samples needed oxygen and was controlled by the oxygen supply achieving only 36/43% after 6 h. The course of Pd leaching was similar to copper, although with lower efficiencies; 47% of palladium was extracted from the incinerated sample, and only 4 or 7% from gasified and pyrolyzed samples, respectively. Au was leached immediately but only to a slight extent. Contrary to Pb, leaching of Zn, Sn, Sb, and Ni was gradual, probably due to the formation of alloys with copper.

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“…As a consequence, intensive researches were dedicated to the DPCMBs recycling, being proposed various processes, e.g. physico-mechanical [7,9], hydrometallurgical [6,10,11], pyrometallurgical [12,13], pyrolytic [14] biometallurgical [15] or combination of thereof as presented in research papers [9,16] or exhaustive reviews [17][18][19]. In spite of the intense efforts, confirmed by the high number of published papers [20] and patents [21], the great majority of the proposed technologies presents serious disadvantages, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of the intense efforts, confirmed by the high number of published papers [20] and patents [21], the great majority of the proposed technologies presents serious disadvantages, e.g. generation of large inter-contaminated metallic / nonmetallic fractions during the physico-mechanical treatment [22], high raw materials consumption and generation of large wastewater volumes for the hydrometallurgical approach, high energy consumption, low selectivity and generation of toxic gases during the high temperature treatments [12,14,23]. The true electrochemical recycling of metals from DPCMBs, that must include compulsory (i) the metals electrodeposition and (ii) the simultaneously electrochemical recycling of the leaching agent [24][25][26][27] and/or metals anodic dissolution [28], starts to represent a feasible alternative from economical [29] and ecological [30] points of view, allowing also a significant minimization of the disadvantages pointed before.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Influence of the composition evolution of waste computer motherboards on their recycling strategy "

Dorneanu¹,

Avram²,

Mărincaş³

et al. 2018

Studia UBB Chemia

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Even if the mobile devices gain more popularity comparing to the desktop personal computers (DPCs), the last ones are still intensively used where highly computing or storage capabilities are required. Because the replacing rate of DPCs are very high, the amount of obsolete equipments is also huge, reclaiming adequate efficient and ecological recycling techniques. In this field, the main efforts are focused on the DPCs motherboards (DPCMBs) recycling because, even if they represent only 5 to 10% from the DPCs weight, they concentrate up to 80% from the recoverable value. By accounting the DPCMBs' traditional and incipient recycling technologies, it is obvious that none of them can solve alone the problem of this waste type. In this context, during the present work, the composition evolution of 10 DPCMBs released between 1998 and 2008 was evaluated and analyzed, the obtained results being used to design a feasible and eco-friendly combined strategy for integral DPCMBs recycling.

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Incineration and pyrolysis vs. steam gasification of electronic waste

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

Electronic Waste Low-Temperature Processing: An Alternative Thermochemical Pretreatment to Improve Component Separation

Electronic Waste Low-Temperature Processing: An Alternative Thermochemical Pretreatment to Improve Component Separation

Acidic leaching of steam gasified, pyrolyzed and incinerated PCB waste from LCD screen

"Influence of the composition evolution of waste computer motherboards on their recycling strategy "

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