Incidental stimulation: A study of preconscious transformations.

Pine, Fred

doi:10.1037/h0046566

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is of interest to note in light of the research to be described below that the use of subliminal stimuli as a means of investigating unconscious processes was introduced into contemporary psychology by a group of psychoanalytically oriented researchers, beginning with Fisher's pioneering contributions in the fifties (Fisher, 1954(Fisher, , 1956(Fisher, , 1957. Shortly thereafter, Dixon in England followed Fisher's lead (Dixon, 1956(Dixon, , 1958a, as did researchers at the Research Center for Mental Health at New York University (Klein, Spence, Holt, & Gourevitch 1958;Klein & Holt, 1960;Eagle, 1959;Eagle, Wolitzky, & Klein, 1966;Pine, 1960Pine, , 1961Spence, 1961Spence, , 1964 and researchers at the Menninger Foundation (Luborsky & Shevrin, 1956;Shevrin & Luborsky, 1958;Stross & Shevrin, 1962. These early studies were criticized by behaviorists such as Goldiamond (1958) and Eriksen (1960) on some of the same methodological grounds as Holender (1986) has more recently revived.…”

Section: The Role Of Subliminal Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-related potential indicators of the dynamic unconscious

Shevrin

Williams

Marshall

et al. 1992

Consciousness and Cognition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: The Role Of Subliminal Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-related potential indicators of the dynamic unconscious

Shevrin

Williams

Marshall

et al. 1992

Consciousness and Cognition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…While we have been unable to locate experimental studies that bear directly upon the above problem, there are several lines of investigation of attention that are relevant. Goldstein and Barthol (1960) and Pine (1960Pine ( , 1961 have sought transformed 1 This research was supported by Mental Health Grant M-1206, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, and National Science Foundation Grant G-22139. or indirect effects of nonattended stimulation in subsequent imaginative productions of 5s and the voluminous work on learning without awareness (Eriksen, 1962) may be viewed as an attempt to determine whether nonattended stimuli enter into the learning process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Storage and decay characteristics of nonattended auditory stimuli.

Eriksen¹,

Johnson²

1964

Journal of Experimental Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

4 Ss were individually run through 20 2-hr, sessions during which their primary task was to read a novel of their own choosing. At random intervals during the session a 1,000-cycle, j-sec. tone of low intensity occurred. At delays ranging from 0 to 10.S sec. following onset of the tone an alerting stimulus (reading lamp turned off) occurred. At the alerting stimulus S had been instructed to interrupt his reading and make a judgment as to whether the tone had occurred during the immediately preceding 10-15 sec. period. Sessions were run under a high and low condition of irrelevant noise. Detection of the signal was found to be a decay function of the delay of the alerting stimulus out to delays of 10.5 sec. 4 Ss were run in a 2nd experiment to determine whether the detection at 10.5 sec. delay represented the spontaneous rate for detection without an alerting stimulus. Significant memory at 10.5 sec. delay over the spontaneous detection rate was found. No effect of level of extraneous background noise was found. Implications for models of attention were considered.

show abstract

“…Among the findings reported were the following: Compared to focal stimuli, incidental stimuli influenced subjects' subsequent imaginative stories in accord with the latter's symbolic meanings (Pine, 1960). Compared to a high level of attention, when subjects were presented a list of words under conditions of low attention (manipulated through a distraction task), their processing of the stimulus words were more likely to be based on the sound rather than the semantic meaning of the words (Eagle & Ortof, 1967).…”

Section: Degree Of Awareness and Attention And Stimulus Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the 1950s and 1960s a number of studies on the question of degree of awareness and attention and stimulus organization were carried out at the New York University Research Center for Mental Health (e.g., Eagle, 1959;Eagle & Ortof, 1967;Eagle, Wolitzky, & Klein, 1966;Klein, Spence, Holt, & Gourevitch, 1958;Paul & Fisher, 1959;Pine 1960Pine , 1961Smith et al, 1959;Spence & Holland, 1962). Among the findings reported were the following: Compared to focal stimuli, incidental stimuli influenced subjects' subsequent imaginative stories in accord with the latter's symbolic meanings (Pine, 1960).…”

Section: Degree Of Awareness and Attention And Stimulus Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implications of Conceptual Critiques and Empirical Research on Unconscious Processes for Psychoanalytic Theory

Eagle¹

2013

The Psychoanalytic Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The paper examines the implications of conceptual critiques and empirical research on psychoanalytic formulations of unconscious processes. Different conceptions of unconscious processes and states are discussed: as markers for brain states, as unformulated and not-spelled-out fleeting experiences, and as implicit knowledge. The author notes and discusses the interpersonal and interactional aspects of unconscious processes in classical theory as well as in contemporary formulations. Representative examples of empirical research on unconscious processes are presented and their implications for psychoanalytic conceptions are examined. The author then discusses the conception of unconscious processes that emerges in view of conceptual critiques, empirical research findings, and clinical phenomena. Finally, the emphasis of both early and late Freudian theory on integration of various aspects of the personality rather than (or at least in addition to) on conscious versus unconscious is noted, and various ways of understanding what it means to make the unconscious conscious are discussed.

show abstract

Incidental stimulation: A study of preconscious transformations.

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Event-related potential indicators of the dynamic unconscious

Event-related potential indicators of the dynamic unconscious

Storage and decay characteristics of nonattended auditory stimuli.

The Implications of Conceptual Critiques and Empirical Research on Unconscious Processes for Psychoanalytic Theory

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About