Incident velocity and incident angle of saltating sand grains on Mars

Zheng, Xiaojing; Fu, Lin-Tao; Bo, Tang

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/4/043014

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The complex grain‐bed collision process could then be simply represented as the collision of three characteristic grains and finally be analyzed by basic physical principles. Details about the model could be found in Zheng et al [, ]. The incident speed V imp and angle θ imp can be obtained through calculating the trajectory of sand particles.…”

Section: Modelsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The studies on wind‐blown sand therefore are crucial for understanding the change of climate and landscape on Mars [ Kok et al , ]. However, up to now, we cannot observe, as we did on Earth, the wind‐blown sand on extraterrestrial planets directly [ Zheng et al , ]. Consequently, numerical simulation becomes an important method for investigating and predicting the transport of wind‐blown sand [e.g., Almeida et al , ; Kok , , ; Huang et al , ; Wang and Zheng , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The probability distributions of sand particles' lift‐off parameters (both speed and angle) reflect the grain‐bed collision process from a statistical way. They have been widely studied [ Anderson and Haff , ; Zheng et al , ; Zhou et al , ; Kok and Renno , ; Bo et al , ; Zheng et al , ; Fu et al , ], because of their significant role in linking the motion of a single grain and the spatial and temporal scales of the wind‐blown sand. Experimental measurements based on image analysis and simulations based on DEM (discrete element method) are main methods used to determine the probability distributions of lift‐off parameters [e.g., Zhou et al , ; Bo et al , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high concentration of grains near the bed in wind‐blown sand could weaken the light and therefore reduce the data quality [ Gordon and McKenna Neuman , ; Li and McKenna Neuman , ]. Hence, in most experiments, the lowest measuring location is not actually close enough to bed surface and was typically selected as 3–5 mm above the bed instead [ Zheng et al , ]. These measured lift‐off parameters might thus not reflect the initial motion of sand appropriately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It could therefore reflect the changes of incident parameters in the evolution process of wind‐blown sand. Zheng et al [] employed this model to investigate the sand saltation on Mars, with empirical wind profile derived on the basis of wind tunnel measurements in steady state on Earth. Their modeling results are thus likely to be suitable for steady state saltation on Mars only and depend on the applicability of the derived wind profile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An improved numerical model suggests potential differences of wind‐blown sand between on Earth and Mars

Liu

et al. 2017

JGR Atmospheres

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The studies on wind‐blown sand are crucial for understanding the change of climate and landscape on Mars. However, the disadvantages of the saltation models may result in unreliable predictions. In this paper, the saltation model has been improved from two main aspects, the aerodynamic surface roughness and the lift‐off parameters. The aerodynamic surface roughness is expressed as function of particle size, wind strength, air density, and air dynamic viscosity. The lift‐off parameters are improved through including the dependence of restitution coefficient on incident parameters and the correlation between saltating speed and angle. The improved model proved to be capable of reproducing the observed data well in both stable stage and evolution process. The modeling of wind‐blown sand is promoted by all improved aspects, and the dependence of restitution coefficient on incident parameters could not be ignored. The constant restitution coefficient and uncorrelated lift‐off parameter distributions would lead to both the overestimation of the sand transport rate and apparent surface roughness and the delay of evolution process. The distribution of lift‐off speed and the evolution of lift‐off parameters on Mars are found to be different from those on Earth. This may thus suggest that it is inappropriate to predict the evolution of wind‐blown sand by using the lift‐off velocity obtained in steady state saltation. And it also may be problematic to predict the wind‐blown sand on Mars through applying the lift‐off velocity obtained upon terrestrial conditions directly.

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Section: Modelsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An improved numerical model suggests potential differences of wind‐blown sand between on Earth and Mars

Liu

et al. 2017

JGR Atmospheres

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Sands at Gusev Crater, Mars

Cabrol

Herkenhoff

Knoll

et al. 2014

J. Geophys. Res. Planets

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Processes, environments, and the energy associated with the transport and deposition of sand at Gusev Crater are characterized at the microscopic scale through the comparison of statistical moments for particle size and shape distributions. Bivariate and factor analyses define distinct textural groups at 51 sites along the traverse completed by the Spirit rover as it crossed the plains and went into the Columbia Hills. Fine-to-medium sand is ubiquitous in ripples and wind drifts. Most distributions show excess fine material, consistent with a predominance of wind erosion over the last 3.8 billion years. Negative skewness at West Valley is explained by the removal of fine sand during active erosion, or alternatively, by excess accumulation of coarse sand from a local source. The coarse to very coarse sand particles of ripple armors in the basaltic plains have a unique combination of size and shape. Their distribution display significant changes in their statistical moments within the~400 m that separate the Columbia Memorial Station from Bonneville Crater. Results are consistent with aeolian and/or impact deposition, while the elongated and rounded shape of the grains forming the ripples, as well as their direction of origin, could point to Ma'adim Vallis as a possible source. For smaller particles on the traverse, our findings confirm that aeolian processes have dominated over impact and other processes to produce sands with the observed size and shape patterns across a spectrum of geologic (e.g., ripples and plains soils) and aerographic settings (e.g., wind shadows).

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A prediction method for the size distribution of saltating particles above a mixed‐size bed

Liu

2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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In aeolian saltation, the sand bed is a mixture of sand particle with a wide range of particle sizes. Generally, the particle size distribution (PSD) of saltating particles is ignored by previous aeolian transport models, which will result in differences between predictions and observations. To better understand the saltation process, a prediction method of the PSD of saltating particles was proposed in this article. The probability of contact between incident sand and bed sand was introduced into the particle‐bed collision process. An artificial PSD of the incident saltating particles was set as the initial condition. A stochastic particle‐bed collision model considering contact probability was then used in each iteration step to calculate a new PSD of saltating particles. Finally, the PSD of saltating particles can be determined when aeolian saltation reaches a steady state (saltation is in a steady state when its primary characteristics, such as horizontal mass flux and the concentration of saltating particles, remain approximately constant over time and distance). Meanwhile, according to the experimental results, a calculation formula for the contact parameter n is given, which characterizes the shielding effect of particles on each other. That is, if soil PSD and friction velocity were given, the PSD of saltating particles can be determined. Our results do not depend on the initial conditions, and the predicted results are consistent with the experimental results. It indicated that our method can be used to determine the PSD of saltating particles. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Incident velocity and incident angle of saltating sand grains on Mars

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

An improved numerical model suggests potential differences of wind‐blown sand between on Earth and Mars

An improved numerical model suggests potential differences of wind‐blown sand between on Earth and Mars

Sands at Gusev Crater, Mars

A prediction method for the size distribution of saltating particles above a mixed‐size bed

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