Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries

Abstract

The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary factors in 184 countries in 1990 and 2018. In 2018, suboptimal intake of these dietary factors was estimated to be attributable to 14.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 13.8–14.4 million) incident T2D cases, representing 70.3% (68.8–71.8%) of new cases globally. Largest T2D burdens were attributable to insufficient whole-grain intake (26.1% (25.0–27.1%)), excess refined rice and wheat intake (24.6% (22.3–27.2%)) and excess processed meat intake (20.3% (18.3–23.5%)). Across regions, highest proportional burdens were in central and eastern Europe and central Asia (85.6% (83.4–87.7%)) and Latin America and the Caribbean (81.8% (80.1–83.4%)); and lowest proportional burdens were in South Asia (55.4% (52.1–60.7%)). Proportions of diet-attributable T2D were generally larger in men than in women and were inversely correlated with age. Diet-attributable T2D was generally larger among urban versus rural residents and higher versus lower educated individuals, except in high-income countries, central and eastern Europe and central Asia, where burdens were larger in rural residents and in lower educated individuals. Compared with 1990, global diet-attributable T2D increased by 2.6 absolute percentage points (8.6 million more cases) in 2018, with variation in these trends by world region and dietary factor. These findings inform nutritional priorities and clinical and public health planning to improve dietary quality and reduce T2D globally.

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Works in Type 2 Diabetes through Unexpected Effects in Adipose Tissue, Not by Mitochondrial Biogenesis

“…In 2021, it was reported that approximately 537 million adults had diabetes, and this number is projected to rise to 783 million by 2045 if current trends continue [ 1 ]. Factors contributing to the increased incidence include lack of physical exercise, unhealthy dietary patterns, obesity, population aging, and urbanization [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. The rise in T2DM cases presents a major public health challenge, necessitating concerted efforts in prevention, early detection, and effective management strategies to mitigate its impact on individuals and healthcare systems worldwide.…”

Hypoglycemic Effect of Edible Fungi Polysaccharides Depends on Their Metabolites from the Fermentation of Human Fecal Microbiota

“…However, most of the hypoglycemic drugs currently used to treat diabetes, such as metformin, have limitations and some side effects [ 2 ]. It is worth noting that most diabetes may be caused by unhealthy dietary habits [ 3 ], indicating that daily prevention and therapy are equally important. Therefore, natural active ingredients of plants have become good candidates for the prevention and treatment of diabetes due to their diverse bioactivities, lesser side effects, and low cost.…”

Escalating Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases and Multimorbidity: Can Dietary Interventions Make a Difference?

“…9 A recent scoping review which focused the Indian context, suggests limiting the exposure to risk factors and highlights the need for preventive interventions in NCDs. 10 One of the evidence-based interventions for prevention and control, both at the clinical level and at the population level, is the dietary intervention. There is strong evidence that 7 out of 10 new Type 2 diabetes cases can be attributed to suboptimal intake of dietary factors.…”