Incidencia del uso de pantallas en niñas y niños menores de 2 años

Abstract

Aunque no existe consenso sobre las repercusiones de la digitalización en la salud y bienestar de niñas y niños, algunos estudios revelan la necesidad del acompañamiento adulto para seleccionar contenidos y establecer límites. Los bebés necesitan explorar el entorno para desarrollar habilidades cognitivas, sensoriales y lingüísticas. Como nuestra capacidad de adaptación aumenta a medida que maduramos, cualquier alteración temprana en el desarrollo ejecutivo repercute a corto, medio y largo plazo. El uso inadecuado de las TIC incide negativamente en la neuroplasticidad cerebral, que se traducirá en escasa autoestima, bajo nivel cognitivo o dificultades conductuales, según edad y habilidades asociadas. También podrá alterar visión, sueño, peso, desarrollo, funciones ejecutivas y conducta. El compromiso adulto con el uso responsable de herramientas tecnológicas es fundamental para garantizar el óptimo desarrollo de niñas y niños nacidos y criados en la era digital.

Contributions of Screen Use on Early Language and Development Milestones in Argentinean Toddlers from Different Socioeconomic Contexts

“…Regarding the rest of the media, on average, toddlers used them for less than an hour per day and most of the toddlers hardly used the Tablet and PC. Our results were similar to other studies (Cristia & Seidl, 2015 ; Tabullo & Gago-Galvagno, 2022 ; Simaes et al, 2022 ) that show that in this age range the usage of digital media is low, but it is more than the pediatrics associations’ zero screen recommendation for this age group (Melamud and Waisman 2019 ; Sas & Estrada, 2021 ; Schwarzer et al, 2021 ), and there is a tendency for screen use to increase in this population with age (Cristia & Seidl, 2015 ; Schwarzer et al, 2021 ). It is interesting to note that when media was used by toddlers, parents often shared in this activity.…”

“…However, other studies have shown positive contributions from the individual and shared use of the PC, since this type of screen requires greater visual-motor coordination and, in this age, requires the presence of an adult to accompany the activity (Tabullo & Gago-Galvagno, 2022). In this case, being such young toddlers, the associations could be negative because the content used on this type of device is not age-appropriate (Madigan et al, 2020;Sas & Estrada, 2021). However, it is necessary to highlight that the effect of PC on vocabulary was also observed after controlling for sociodemographic variables in the regression models, which reinforces the findings of other studies (Madigan et al, 2020;Medawar et al, 2023) and recommendations from pediatric societies to moderate consumption in early childhood (Melamud and Waisman 2019;Sas & Estrada, 2021;Schwarzer et al, 2021).…”

“…However, other studies have shown positive contributions from the individual and shared use of the PC, since this type of screen requires greater visual-motor coordination and, in this age, requires the presence of an adult to accompany the activity (Tabullo & Gago-Galvagno, 2022 ). In this case, being such young toddlers, the associations could be negative because the content used on this type of device is not age-appropriate (Madigan et al, 2020 ; Sas & Estrada, 2021 ). However, it is necessary to highlight that the effect of PC on vocabulary was also observed after controlling for sociodemographic variables in the regression models, which reinforces the findings of other studies (Madigan et al, 2020 ; Medawar et al, 2023 ) and recommendations from pediatric societies to moderate consumption in early childhood (Melamud and Waisman 2019 ; Sas & Estrada, 2021 ; Schwarzer et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Further, SES may be another important factor to consider as adult participation and media consumptions may also be related to sociodemographic variables. Even though important differences can be found in the acquisition of technological resources in homes with higher and lower resources, almost all families usually have a television at home and own a smartphone (Aguilar-Farias et al, 2021;Sas & Estrada, 2021). However, it has been shown that SES variables such as the educational level of mothers and fathers may relate to how often this media is used, with a decrease in screen use as parent's education increases.…”

“…The use of digital devices has increased considerably in recent decades, especially during the early childhood period, being in average of 1 h per day, independently of the country (Grané, 2021 ; Madigan et al, 2020 ; Medawar et al, 2023 ). In this sense, digital media has become ubiquitous in families’ daily routines (Madigan et al, 2020 ; Sas & Estrada, 2021 ), with digital content becoming more frequent and immersed in everyday life (Sas & Estrada, 2021 ; Simaes et al, 2022 ; Teichert, 2017 ). Given the widespread presence of digital media, it may come as no surprise that it has been identified as an influential factor not only in the education of children, but also in their development (Navarro et al, 2017 ; Gago Galvagno et al, 2021 ; Medawar et al, 2023 ).…”