Incidence Rates of Treated Mental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence in a Complete Nationwide Birth Cohort

Steinhausen, Hans Christoph; Jakobsen, Helle

doi:10.4088/jcp.17m12012

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…In clinical terms, ASD is 4–5 times more frequent in males [ 24 , 25 ], with the difference being greater in older patients [ 26 , 27 ]. These data are consistent with the prevalence of boys in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Route to Autism Spectrum Diagnosis in Pediatric Practice in Bulgaria

et al. 2021

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Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) before the age of three years is a challenge. Analyzing the present practice may help reaching that goal. Aim: To investigate developmental abnormalities and diagnostic pathway of ASD patients in pediatric practice. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study of 192 children aged 13 months to 17 years 11 months (average 4 years 9 months), investigated in an outpatient and hospital setting from January 2015 to June 2018 by a semi-structured history and clinical examination, and diagnosed with ASD by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. Results: Behavioral peculiarities were detected in the history of the first two years of life in 74.8% of the subjects. The first developmental abnormalities were noticed by the parents at ages from 8 to 36 months (mean 15.6 months) and were predominantly in speech (in 94.6%) and non-verbal communication (11.3%). Developmental regression was reported in 42.1% of the patients occurring between the ages of 6 and 50 months (mean 17.9 months), affecting most commonly speech (88.4% of cases), non-verbal communication (29.2%), and behavior (12.8%). By history, the first manifestations of ASD were noticed at ages from 8 months to 84 months (mean 18.5 months), and were disorders of expressive speech (in 66.7% of cases), receptive speech (in 45.8%), non-verbal communication (35.4%), behavior (27.6%), play (8.9%), socialization (5.7%), and joint attention (2.1%). The most common motive for specialized consultation was delay in language development—in 84.6% of children. The age of ASD diagnosis varied between 12 and 132 months (mean 39.7 months), and the time period between first ASD manifestations and diagnosis was in the range of 0 to 79 months (mean 23.3 months). Many symptoms of abnormal social communication, unnoticed by parents, were detected objectively in more than 95% of the cases—absent or rare spontaneous or reciprocal smile; lack of sharing of interest or affect; abnormal eye contact; lack of finger pointing; lack of gaze to a pointed object; poor facial expressions; lack of imaginary play, etc. Conclusions: Almost two years are needed for diagnosing abnormal development in other domains besides speech in ASD patients. Diagnosis before the age of three years can be achieved by focusing parents’ and pediatricians’ attention on social communication and behavior in patients with speech delay or developmental regression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Route to Autism Spectrum Diagnosis in Pediatric Practice in Bulgaria

et al. 2021

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“…For anorexia nervosa, in particular, the proxy information may be warranted, as patients with anorexia nervosa often deny that they are ill. Furthermore, parents are an important source of information on children and adolescents, as anorexia nervosa shows a peak incidence between 12 and 19 years old [ 31 ].…”

Section: Global Burden Of Disease Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the burden of eating disorders: mortality, disability, costs, quality of life, and family burden

Hoeken

Hoek

2020

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

352

241

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Purpose of review To review the recent literature on the burden of eating disorders in terms of mortality, disability, quality of life, economic cost, and family burden, compared with people without an eating disorder. Recent findings Estimates are that yearly over 3.3 million healthy life years worldwide are lost because of eating disorders. In contrast to other mental disorders, in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa years lived with disability (YLDs) have increased. Despite treatment advances, mortality rates of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa remain very high: those who have received inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa still have a more than five times increased mortality risk. Mortality risks for bulimia nervosa, and for anorexia nervosa treated outside the hospital, are lower but still about twice those of controls. In people with an eating disorder, quality of life is reduced, yearly healthcare costs are 48% higher than in the general population, the presence of mental health comorbidity is associated with 48% lower yearly earnings, the number of offspring is reduced, and risks for adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes are increased. Summary People with a current or former eating disorder are at risk of increased mortality, high YLD rates, a reduced quality of life, increased costs, and problems with childbearing.

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“…The cerebral cortex and subjacent white matter undergo substantial modifications and refinement during childhood and adolescence [1][2][3] , paralleled by the qualitative and quantitative evolution of cognitive abilities 4,5 . These developmental changes coincide with increasing risk for mental disorders 6,7 . Mapping variation in brain development using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may therefore not only inform ontogenetic models of neurocognitive development, but also delineate aberrant spatiotemporal patterns related to emerging psychopathology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing relationships between multimodal modes of brain structural variation and age, sex and polygenic scores for neuroticism in children and adolescents

et al. 2020

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Human brain development involves spatially and temporally heterogeneous changes, detectable across a wide range of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures. Investigating the interplay between multimodal MRI and polygenic scores (PGS) for personality traits associated with mental disorders in youth may provide new knowledge about typical and atypical neurodevelopment. We derived independent components across cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and grey/white matter contrast (GWC) (n = 2596, 3-23 years), and tested for associations between these components and age, sex and-, in a subsample (n = 878), PGS for neuroticism. Age was negatively associated with a single-modality component reflecting higher global GWC, and additionally with components capturing common variance between global thickness and GWC, and several multimodal regional patterns. Sex differences were found for components primarily capturing global and regional surface area (boys > girls), but also regional cortical thickness. For PGS for neuroticism, we found weak and bidirectional associations with a component reflecting right prefrontal surface area. These results indicate that multimodal fusion is sensitive to age and sex differences in brain structure in youth, but only weakly to polygenic load for neuroticism.

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Incidence Rates of Treated Mental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence in a Complete Nationwide Birth Cohort

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

The Route to Autism Spectrum Diagnosis in Pediatric Practice in Bulgaria

The Route to Autism Spectrum Diagnosis in Pediatric Practice in Bulgaria

Review of the burden of eating disorders: mortality, disability, costs, quality of life, and family burden

Testing relationships between multimodal modes of brain structural variation and age, sex and polygenic scores for neuroticism in children and adolescents

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