Incidence Rate of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus

Abstract

Methods: OptumLabs Data Warehouse, a longitudinal, real-world data asset with de-identified administrative claims and electronic health record data, was used to identify enrollees with continuous enrollment in the database for 365 days or more. Patients with no history of HZ or HZO and a new code for HZ and HZO were counted as incident cases. The IR of HZO was calculated by year, 10-year age groups, gender, race, and region.Main Outcome Measures: Differences in IR from 1994 through 2018 by 10-year age groups and gender.Results: From 1994 through 2018, 633 474 cases of HZ were reported, with 49 745 (7.9%) having HZO. The incidence of HZO increased from 1994 through 2018 by an estimated 1.1 cases per 100 000 person-years annually (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0e1.3; P < 0.001). The estimated relative increase was 3.6% annually (95% CI, 3.0%e4.1%). HZO IR increased in all ages over 10 years until 2007, then began declining in individuals younger than 21 and older than 60, stabilizing in individuals 21 to 30 years old, and increasing more slowly among individuals 31 to 60 years old. Men showed an HZO incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.74 compared with women. Compared with white patients, the IRRs were 0.70, 0.75, and 0.64 for Asians, black patients, and Hispanics, respectively.Conclusions: The incidence of HZO has increased 3.6% per year from 1994 to 2018 in the United States. Since 2008, HZO incidence declined in individuals younger than 21 years and older than 60 years while increasing at a lower rate in middle-aged adults. Given the continued increase, greater efforts should be made to vaccinate eligible adults 50 years of age and older. More research on earlier vaccination is warranted.

Clinical Efficacy of Short-Term Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in Management of Facial Pain Associated With Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus

“…It has been estimated that about 10-20% of herpetic infections affect V1 (Liesegang, 2008). HZO prevalence has increased 3.6% per year in the last two decades in the United States (Kong et al, 2020). Patients suffer severe facial pain in the distribution of the ophthalmic division.…”

Text-Based Identification of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus With Ocular Involvement in the Electronic Health Record: A Population-Based Study

“…Therefore, studies requiring ocular HZO confirmation by an ophthalmologist would not capture the true number of ocular HZO cases [ 11 ], underestimating the incidence of ocular HZO and the proportion of ocular HZO among all HZ patients. Our NLP approach not only identified HZO with high accuracy [ 11 ], but it also distinguished ocular HZO from HZO without ocular involvement, a significant improvement compared with previous ocular HZO studies based on ICD codes [ 7 , 9 , 10 , 15 , 24 , 25 ]. The number of ocular HZO cases identified by the NLP algorithm was significantly higher than the number identified by the ICD codes alone.…”

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“…These were Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes zoster. These Herpes viridae are the cause of certain opportunistic diseases [4,7,8].…”