Incidence, Persistence, and Clearance of Anal Human Papillomavirus among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: An Observational Cohort Study

Zhou, Yiguo; Zhou, Xinyi; Lin, Yifan; Luo, Ganfeng; Wang, Zhenyu; Li, Peiyang; Luo, Zhenzhou; Meng, Xianxin; Tian, Tian; Fu, Leiwen; Zou, Huachun

doi:10.3390/pathogens11030314

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Low-risk HPV genotypes have been proven to be attributed to genital warts and other lesions ( 26 ). High incidence and persistence rates were observed for anal HPV 6 and 42 among low-risk genotypes in this study, which are similar to the patterns found in a previous study ( 12 ). The highest persistence rate of HPV 6 in a large cohort study in Liuzhou, China was among low-risk genotypes ( 29 , 30 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Incidence, persistence, and clearance of anogenital human papillomavirus among men who have sex with men in Taiwan: a community cohort study

et al. 2023

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BackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) have an increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study aimed to assess the incidence, persistence, and clearance of anogenital HPV infections among MSM and the correlates in a 3-year community cohort study.MethodsFrom 2015 to 2019, MSM were recruited and followed up at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months in Taiwan. Questionnaires and anogenital swabs were collected at baseline and each follow-up visit. Thirty-seven HPV genotypes were tested and genotyped using the linear array HPV genotyping test. The incidence, persistence, and clearance rates of anogenital HPV infection and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through Poisson regression. Correlates of the incidence and clearance rates were examined using a generalized estimating equations (GEE) model.ResultsA total of 201 MSM were retained in the cohort study with a median age of 27 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 24–32) at baseline. The incidence, persistence, and clearance rates of any anal HPV infection among MSM were 43.6 (95% CI: 33.7–55.6), 23.4 (17.7–30.2), and 58.3 (45.1–74.1) per 1,000 person months (pms), respectively. The incidence, persistence, and clearance rates of any penile HPV infection among MSM were 26.8 (20.1–34.9), 13.4 (8.0–20.9), and 51.5 (37.8–68.5) pms, respectively. MSM who did not consistently use a condom in receptive sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.06, 95% CIs: 1.14–3.72) were more likely to acquire any anal HPV infection. Age at recruitment (1.05, 1.01–1.09) was positively associated with any penile HPV incidence. MSM with over one sex partner in receptive anal sex (0.53, 0.30–0.94) were less likely to clear any anal HPV infection. MSM who were unemployed/students (0.55, 0.30–0.98) were less likely to clear any penile HPV infection.ConclusionHigh incidence and low clearance of anogenital HPV infection among MSM in the study serve as a reminder that this population needs to be targeted for HPV vaccination. It is essential for MSM to scale up HPV screening and adhere to safe sex.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Zhou et al. investigated the natural history of HPV infection, including persistence rates ( 12 ). These studies with a continuous concern focus on HPV infection at the anus, but a few publications have reported on the natural history of penile HPV in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence, persistence, and clearance of anogenital human papillomavirus among men who have sex with men in Taiwan: a community cohort study

et al. 2023

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“…Around half of the participants had at least one type of HPV infection persistent after a year. The clearance rate was lower than that in Zhou's study among MSM in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Wuxi, China (147 cases/100 personyears) [16], which had a HIV prevalence of 7.1%. The clearance rate was higher than that of Videla's study among HIV-positive men in Spain (12.6 cases/100 person-years in MSM and 18.4 in MSW) [18].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…The incidence rate in our study was similar to a cohort study in America (21.3 cases/100 person-years) [14], higher than a South African study (2.9 cases/100 person-years) [15], and lower than a South-East Asian study (34.1 cases/100 person-years) [8]. We also found that the incidence rate among HIV-positive homosexual men in this study was lower than that of MSM in Guangdong, China (29.6 vs. 37.6 cases/100 person-years) [16], which had a younger study population. The incidence rate of HPV16 and HPV18 were lower than those of HIV-negative MSM in Xinjiang, China (2.3 vs. 10.6 and 1.4 vs. 5.2 per 100 person-years) [17].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Incidence, clearance, and factors associated with anal human papilloma virus infection among men with HIV

Zhang,

Sun,

Chen

et al. 2023

Aids

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Objectives: This study aims to estimate the incidence and persistence/clearance of anal HPV infection and related factors among men with HIV in Taizhou, China. Design: A prospective cohort study Methods: Men with HIV were recruited and followed up from 2016 to 2021. Questionnaire surveys were used to collect social-demographic and behavioral characteristics, and anal swabs were collected for HPV Genotyping. Results: A total of 675 men with HIV were recruited and followed up. After an average follow-up time of 1.75 years, HPV39 (3.8/100 person-years), HPV52 (3.6/100 person-years), HPV51 (3.1/100 person-years), HPV58 (2.5/100 person-years) and HPV16 (2.4 cases/100 person-years) in the high-risk types showed the highest incidence rate. In marriage with woman (aHR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.20–0.99) showed an inverse association with HPV incidence, while bisexuality or undetermined sexual orientation (aHR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.08–6.36) showed a positive association. For those infected at baseline, the top three high-risk HPV with the lowest clearance density were HPV52 (32.2/100 person-years), HPV58 (38.1/100 person-years), and HPV16 (43.5/100 person-years). Daily consumption of 1–28 grams alcohol (aHR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41∼0.95) showed an inverse association with HPV clearance, while illicit drug use (aHR = 3.24, 95% CI: 1.59∼6.59) showed a positive association. Conclusions: Anal HPV infection and clearance were both active in men with HIV in China. Marriage status and sexuality were associated with the incidence of HPV infection, while substance use including alcohol and illicit drug were associated with HPV clearance. More studies are needed to explore the risk factors of HPV persistence.

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“…Cervical cancer, the fourth most common malignant tumor in women, with an incidence of 8.4/100.000 women/year in highincome countries [3], has virtually no other etiology than persistent HPV infection sustained by high-risk genotypes [4,5]. The burden of HPV-related diseases affects men too, as high-risk HPV genotypes are also associated with oropharyngeal, penile, and anal cancer [6,7], whose incidences, in high-income countries, have been estimated at 3.28, 0.66, and 0.74/100.000 men/year, respectively [3]. The most comprehensive systematic review on males-conducted in 2014-found a prevalence of HPV among European males of 12.5% in the general population and 30.9% in high-risk groups [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPV Vaccination in Young Males: A Glimpse of Coverage, Parental Attitude and Need of Additional Information from Lombardy Region, Italy

Mari

Gianolio

Edefonti

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: In the Lombardy Region, Italy, HPV vaccination is recommended and offered free of charge to 12-years-old males since 2017. The expected vaccination thresholds are still far to be reached. Methods: A cross-sectional survey to investigate parents’ attitudes towards the HPV vaccine and knowledge about HPV was administered to parents of boys aged 6 to 18 years attending a large pediatric hospital for outpatient specialistic evaluations. Two parallel multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for attitude towards HPV vaccination and perceived need for more information about HPV vaccination. Results: A positive attitude towards HPV vaccination was found in 74% of interviewed parents. Knowledge of HPV, having a generally positive attitude toward vaccination, and mothers filling in the survey were positively associated with a positive attitude to the HPV vaccine. Parents’ perceived need for more information about HPV vaccination was positively associated with the child’s age, general positive attitude toward vaccination, Christian religion, and positive attitude toward HPV vaccination; knowing that HPV vaccination is free of charge significantly reduced the risk of asking for more information on HPV vaccination. Conclusions: The majority of parents of male children and adolescents in our study have a positive attitude toward HPV vaccination. Attitude toward HPV vaccination and perceived need for more information on HPV vaccination were directly related to a positive attitude toward vaccines in general. In addition, knowledge of HPV and related pathologies favors a positive attitude toward HPV vaccination. Future health programs should target an even wider diffusion of evidence-based information on vaccines in general and on the HPV vaccine in young males, to support a positive attitude toward vaccines in the general population.

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Incidence, Persistence, and Clearance of Anal Human Papillomavirus among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: An Observational Cohort Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Incidence, persistence, and clearance of anogenital human papillomavirus among men who have sex with men in Taiwan: a community cohort study

Incidence, persistence, and clearance of anogenital human papillomavirus among men who have sex with men in Taiwan: a community cohort study

Incidence, clearance, and factors associated with anal human papilloma virus infection among men with HIV

HPV Vaccination in Young Males: A Glimpse of Coverage, Parental Attitude and Need of Additional Information from Lombardy Region, Italy

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